Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles were successfully prepared and incorporated in the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes to enhance the hydrophilicity, anti-fouling, and dye treatment capacity. The products were characterized by multiple techniques including scanning electron microscopy, size distribution by intensity, Fourier transform infrared, powder X-ray diffraction, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and energy dispersive spectrometer elemental mapping. Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles possessed uniform particle sizes and were homogeneously dispersed in the PVDF matrix with less aggregation. The incorporation of Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles into PVDF composite membranes caused a decrease in the contact angle and great improvements in the pure water flux from 252 to 471 L m -2 h -1 and bovine serum albumin rejection from 40% to 80% at the same time. In addition, the composite membranes had a significant increase in adsorption of cationic dyes methylene blue from 4.6 to 8.3 μg cm -2 and rejection from 11% to 21% when Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles were added from 0 to 1.5 wt.% due to the good adsorption for dyes of Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles. The removal rate of anionic dye Congo red increased from 72% to 98% and rejection increased from 13% to 80% when Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles were added from 0 to 1.5 wt.%. This study provides information on application potential of Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles incorporated in membranes for treating dye wastewater.