Facile Preparation of a Superhydrophobic iPP Microporous Membrane with Micron-Submicron Hierarchical Structures for Membrane Distillation

Abstract

A facile method combining micro-molding with thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) to prepare superhydrophobic isotacticpolypropylene (iPP) microporous membranes with micron-submicron hierarchical structures is proposed in this paper. In this study, the hydrophobicity of the membrane was controlled by changing the size of micro-structures on the micro-structured mold and the temperature of the cooling bath. The best superhydrophobicity was achieved with a high water contact angle (WCA) of 161° and roll-off angle of 2°, which was similar to the lotus effect. The permeability of the membrane was greatly improved and the mechanical properties were maintained. The membrane prepared by the new method and subjected to 60h vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) was compared with a conventional iPP membrane prepared via the TIPS process. The flux of the former membrane was 31.2 kg/m2·h, and salt rejection was always higher than 99.95%, which was obviously higher than that of the latter membrane. The deposition of surface fouling on the former membrane was less and loose, and that of the latter membrane was greater and steady, which was attributed to the micron-submicron hierarchical structure of the former and the single submicron-structure of the latter. Additionally, the new method is expected to become a feasible and economical method for producing an ideal membrane for membrane distillation (MD) on a large scale.

Recent Developments in Nanomaterials-Modified Membranes for Improved Membrane Distillation Performance

“…Furthermore, these membranes tend to have higher permeability, thus improving membrane performance [ 122 ]. In this context, nanomaterials have been widely used to achieve superior liquid repellency, thus tackling the problem of membrane fouling and pore wetting [ 123 ]. Nanomaterial modifications onto electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) are often used to generate a hierarchal surface with several air pockets to repel water droplets and achieve the lotus leaf effect [ 124 ].…”

Long-Running Comparison of Feed-Water Scaling in Membrane Distillation

“…On the other hand, membrane distillation utilizes thermal energy to provide the driving pressure force, which does not deteriorate significantly for high salinity feed [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Additionally, supplementing the membrane distillation (MD) module with a vacuum pump on the distillate side, commonly known as vacuum membrane distillation (VMD), further improves the performance for extremely high salinity feed [16][17][18][19]. Hence, the RO process can potentially achieve a relatively high recovery rate by integrating a VMD unit to further process the brine [20].…”