Facile preparation of structured zwitterionic polymer substrate via sub-surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and its synergistic marine antifouling investigation

Amphiphilic zwitterionic-PDMS-based surface-modifying additives to tune fouling-release of siloxane-polyurethane marine coatings

“…[20][21][22][23][24] Considering the promise of zwitterionic materials, several amphiphilic coating systems have been explored that entail crosslinking of these hydrophilic materials in networks. 22,[25][26][27] Even though innovating a new amphiphilic coating system is enticing, it is often preferred and more feasible to utilize surface-modifying additives that do not necessitate substantial changes for an established FR formulation. The additives for marine purposes are mostly prepared as surfacemodifying agents to adjust the surface of coatings and boost their performance as FR or AF coatings.…”

Brushing up functional materials

“…This problem limits the real application of polymer brushes in marine environments. To address this problem, Zhou and colleagues 170 proposed a novel subsurface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (sSI-ATRP) method to construct a thick, embedded, robust and renewable polymer brush composite layer on the substrate surface (Fig. 16c).…”

One-step zwitterionization and quaternization of thick PDMAEMA layer grafted through subsurface-initiated ATRP for robust antibiofouling and antibacterial coating on PDMS

“…To prepare graft layers with microscale thickness and good stability, Zhou et al [35] developed subsurface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SSI-ATRP), where the initiator was embedded in hydrophilic acrylic resin and the swelling of acrylic resin in solvent (water-methanol mixture) allowed zwitterionic monomers to polymerize from surface to subsurface. Very recently, we investigated the determining role of organic solvent in the monomer migration into hydrophobic PDMS, and thus the efficient grafting of zwitterionic polymer not only on the surface but also in the subsurface of PDMS via SSI-ATRP [36].…”