Facile synthesis of hierarchical porous Na3V2(PO4)3/C composites with high-performance Na storage properties

Improved electrode kinetics of a modified Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode through Zr substitution and nitrogen-doped carbon coating towards robust electrochemical performance at low temperature

“…S1 in the ESI †) can be deconvoluted into three peaks, which belong to C-C (283.6 eV), C-N (285.0 eV) and C-O/O-CvO (287.6 eV), respectively. 27 In addition, the pyridinic N (398.9 eV), pyrrolic N (400.8 eV), and graphitic N (403.5 eV) observed in the N 1s spectra of 0.1Zr-NVP/NC (Fig. 1h) demonstrate the nitrogen doping in the carbonaceous skeleton.…”

“…2c-h, the Zr doping can downsize the particle, thus alleviating its serious aggregation and shortening the ion diffusion length. 9,14,27,[57][58][59] Besides, compared with the bulk NVP/NC, the Zr doped NVP/ NC samples show a porous structure, which can modify the interaction between the electrolyte and electrode. 32 Furthermore, the porous structure of 0.1Zr-NVP/NC can be further confirmed by the TEM images (Fig.…”

“…25,26 For instance, Salehi et al reported that porous NVP/C composites can demonstrate high electronic conductivity and excellent electrochemical reversibility, delivering a specific capacity of 99 mA h g −1 up to 200 cycles at 1 C and impressive rate capability (96 mA h g −1 at 10 C). 27 Besides, through a combined strategy involving the use of agar-gel and freeze-drying, the NVP/C cathode reported by Cui et al demonstrates specific capacities of 113.4, 107.0 and 87.1 mA h g −1 , respectively, at 0.1 C, 1 C and 10 C. 28 In addition to the carbon coating, heteroatom doping is beneficial for maintaining the open framework and facilitating the ionic diffusion upon cycling, thus contributing to keeping the integrity of the electrode and decreasing the electrochemical polarization. 26,29,30 In this context, the substitutions of Na and V sites with heteroatoms, such as Mg, K, Mn, Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, etc., have been demonstrated to dramatically improve the specific capacity and cycling stability of the NVP cathodes.…”

The Synthesis of Porous Na3V2(PO4)3 for Sodium‐Ion Storage

“…In addition to citric acid, other organic additives (e. g., ascorbic acid, oleic acid, agarose, yeast, glucose, oxalic acid, and glycine) have been used as chelating agents and carbon sources to synthesize porous NVP materials. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Although solgel strategy has been proved to be an effective way to prepare porous NVP materials, it is difficult to control their pore structures and morphologies. Therefore, the sol-gel strategy usually needs to combine with other methods to improve the pore structures and morphologies.…”

Simultaneous defect regulation by p–n type co-substitution in a Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode for high performance sodium ion batteries

“…[6][7][8][9][10] In contrast, the source material of sodium is abundant, the corresponding price is lower, and the extraction is simpler. [11][12][13][14][15] Moreover, the working principles of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and LIBs are similar. Therefore, SIBs are expected to be used in large-scale energy storage in the future.…”