Facile synthesis of N-rich carbon quantum dots from porphyrins as efficient probes for bioimaging and biosensing in living cells

Wu, Fengshou; Su, Huifang; Wang, Kai; Wong, Wai‐Kwok; Zhu, Xunjin

doi:10.2147/ijn.s147165

Cited by 159 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Molecules 2020, 25, combining with other types of nanoparticles [21,[36][37][38][39]. Application of heteroatoms, such as nitrogen and sulfur, helps to create new surface states which results in enhanced photoluminescence (PL) properties, especially increased photostability and quantum yield [10,24,35]. This can be achieved using L-cysteine combined with citric acid as CQD starters.…”

Section: Fouriertransform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir) and Nuclear Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A promising tool are quantum dots (QDs) which can be described as objects of the size below 10 nm with unique properties [1][2][3][4]. Since their development, they have been successfully used in optoelectronics [1], food packaging [5], metals detection [6][7][8], bioimaging [9][10][11][12][13][14], photocatalysis [15,16], sensing [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], cell labelling [24], or fluorescent inks and others [25,26]. The first-generation quantum dots are semiconductors of crystalline structure [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these QDs were found to be toxic since they may generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are known to damage various proteins, lipids, and genetic material [27,28]. Moreover, Cd-based nanomaterials Molecules 2020, 25, 736 3 of 18 increased photostability and quantum yield [10,24,35]. This can be achieved using l-cysteine combined with citric acid as CQD starters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2020

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Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are nanoobjects of a size below 10 nm. Due to their favorable features, such as tunable luminescence, unique optical properties, water solubility, and lack of cytotoxicity, they are willingly applied in biomedicine. They can be obtained via bottom-up and top-down methods. However, to increase their quantum yield they must undergo post-processing. The aim of the following research was to obtain a new type of CQDs modified with a rhodamine b derivative to enhance their fluorescence performance without biocompability deterioration. For their preparation glucose was used as a precursor and four different carbonizing agents which affected semi-and final products luminescence properties. The ready nanomaterials were investigated over their chemical structure by FTIR and NMR, whereas morphology was investigated by the TEM method. Their optical properties were determined by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Fluorescence behavior, photo-and pH-stability, as well as solvatochromism showed their applicability in various biomedical applications due to the controlled properties. The samples exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and lack of cytotoxicity on L929 mouse fibroblasts. The results showed that proposed strategy enables preparation of the superior nanomaterials with outstanding luminescence properties such as quantum yield up to 17% which can be successfully applied in cell labelling, bioimaging, and theranostics.Molecules 2020, 25, 736 2 of 18 can release cadmium ions leading to cell death. Importantly, it occurred that quantum dots may undergo certain modifications resulting in the change of their surface or chemical structure [27,28]. Finally, their preparation is expensive. Therefore, there was a need for a novel type of quantum dots which would be suitable for biomedical applications. In 2004, a new type of carbon-based materials was accidentally obtained during nanotube purification [29]. Until then, numerous types of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been obtained with various possible applications due to their very attractive properties, such as luminesce, good water solubility, high photostability, resistance to photobleaching or photoblinking, possibility, chemical inertness and, finally, lack of toxicity and biocompability [1][2][3]. Furthermore, CQDs' region of photoluminescence is very broad, starting in the ultraviolet and ending in the near-infrared. Although, until now, the luminescence behavior of carbon nanodots is still not fully clear, it is believed that crucial role plays two factors, namely, that the quantum size is below 10 nm and surface defects which may act as excitation energy traps. Interestingly, CQDs can successfully act as both electron donors and acceptors [2][3][4].CQDs can be prepared from various resources, such as peels (mango, orange, banana, pineapple, onion, seaweed etc.), meat, grains, nuts, or vegetable by-products, which makes them a low-cost material [30,31]. Currently, these nanomaterials are widely applied in drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensing, bioimag...

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Section: Fouriertransform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir) and Nuclear Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2020

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“…[2,3]. Owing to these properties, carbon dots (CDs) have tremendous potential to be used in a number of applications such as cell imaging and sensing [4][5][6]. Fluorescence carbon nanoparticle (CNP) shows high potential in biological labeling, bio-imaging and other different optoelectronic device application [7,8], targeted drug delivery [9,10] in cancer theranostics [11,12], and drug delivery [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue light-emitting carbon dots (CDs) from a milk protein and their interaction with Spinacia oleracea leaf cells

Bajpai

D'Souza²,

Suhail

2019

Int Nano Lett

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The milk protein casein (Cas) has been employed as carbon resource material to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) via microwave exposure. The dots, when exposed to UV light, produced blue fluorescence. The N-CDs were characterized by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering analysis, fluorescent microscopy (FM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD analysis revealed a broad peak at 2θ = 20°, thus indicating the turbostratic carbon phase. TEM analysis and particle size distribution curve revealed that nearly, 85% of the particles had diameter below 10 nm and the particles had spherical geometry. The HRTEM analysis revealed that carbon dots exhibited lattice fringes with a d-spacing of 0.21 nm, corresponding to the (100) plane lattice of graphite. The fluorescence spectral studies indicated a red shift in the emission peak from 420 to 450 nm as the excitation wavelength increased from 300 to 340 nm. The zeta potential of particles was found to be -11.3 mV. Finally, impregnation of N-CDs was studied in Spinacia oleracea leaf. It was observed that as the concentration of N-CDs' solution increased, percent insertion (PI) also increased, but the time required for maximal insertion decreased with increasing concentrations of N-CDs in the feed solutions. In the carbon dots' solution with a concentration of 200 ppm, maximum percent insertion (MPI) was obtained after 80 min. However, with the increasing concentration of N-CDs in the feed solutions, time of getting MPI reduced, i.e., in 600 ppm, it was 30 min, and in 800 ppm, it was 10 min.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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“…In a similar way, Lv et al have also developed N-doped CQDs via the hydrothermal method (5 h at 220 • C) by using ethylenediamine (as N dopant) and citric acid (as C source) as precursors [75]. In another study, Wu et al have prepared N-rich metal-free CQDs or metal-doped CQDs with bright luminescence by hydrothermal method (20 h at 250 • C) and carbonization (as shown in Figure 2) using tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) or its transition metal Pd(II) or Pt(II) complex (as a C precursor) and ethylenediamine (as N precursor) [76]. All N-doped CQDs -i.e., CQDs, Pd-CQDs, and Pt-CQDs have displayed bright blue emission and typical excitation-dependent emission behavior, with QY of 10.1%, 17.8%, and 15.2%, respectively.…”

Section: N-doped Cqdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Doped/Co-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Multi-Potential Applications

Kandasamy

2019

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Carbon quantum dots (CQDs)/carbon nanodots are a new class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials having an approximate size in the range of 2–10 nm. The majority of the reported review articles have discussed about the development of the CQDs (via simple and cost-effective synthesis methods) for use in bio-imaging and chemical-/biological-sensing applications. However, there is a severe lack of consolidated studies on the recently developed CQDs (especially doped/co-doped) that are utilized in different areas of application. Hence, in this review, we have extensively discussed about the recent development in doped and co-doped CQDs (using elements/heteroatoms—e.g., boron (B), fluorine (F), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), and phosphorous (P)), along with their synthesis method, reaction conditions, and/or quantum yield (QY), and their emerging multi-potential applications including electrical/electronics (such as light emitting diode (LED) and solar cells), fluorescent ink for anti-counterfeiting, optical sensors (for detection of metal ions, drugs, and pesticides/fungicides), gene delivery, and temperature probing.

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Facile synthesis of N-rich carbon quantum dots from porphyrins as efficient probes for bioimaging and biosensing in living cells

Cited by 159 publications

References 51 publications

Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

Blue light-emitting carbon dots (CDs) from a milk protein and their interaction with Spinacia oleracea leaf cells

Recent Advancements in Doped/Co-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Multi-Potential Applications

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