Facile synthesis of novel elastomers with tunable dynamics for toughness, self-healing and adhesion

Gong, Jian Ping; Sun, Tao Lin; Cui, Kunpeng; King, Daniel R.; Kurokawa, Takayuki; Saruwatari, Yoshiyuki; Gong, Jian Ping

doi:10.1039/c9ta04840e

Cited by 83 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The viscoelastomer matrices are formed by one step radical copolymerization from liquid acrylate monomers without using solvent. [ 25 ] The low viscosity and good wettability of the monomers to fiber surfaces of varying chemistry result in well‐formed composites with strong fiber/matrix interface and interlocking structure. By changing the chemistry and the composition of the viscoelastomers, we tune the mechanical properties of the matrix over a wide range, and systematically study the quantitative relationship between the fracture energy of soft FRPs and the component material properties.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscoelastomer matrix P(PEA‐ co ‐IBA), also denoted as M1‐ f (Figure 1b), is formed by UV‐initiated free‐radical copolymerization of the bulk monomers PEA (soft segment) and IBA (hard segment) in the presence of a small amount of benzophenone (BP) as initiator. [ 25 ] By varying the molar fraction of IBA, f

(f = \frac{M_{IBA}}{M_{IBA} + M_{PEA}})

from 0.1 to 0.3, the T g of the copolymers is tuned from 5 °C to 22 °C (Table S4, Supporting Information). The materials show viscoelastic properties at room temperature (24 °C), and can be tuned over a wide range depending on the relative distance to their T g (Figure 1c, Figure S4 and Table S5, Supporting Information) and the deformation rate.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscoelastomer matrices are formed by one step radical copolymerization from liquid acrylate monomers without using solvent. [25] The low viscosity and good wettability of the Figure 1. Design strategy of extraordinarily tough fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) and the properties of viscoelastomer matrices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscoelastomer matrix P(PEA-co-IBA), also denoted as M1-f (Figure 1b), is formed by UV-initiated free-radical copolymerization of the bulk monomers PEA (soft segment) and IBA (hard segment) in the presence of a small amount of benzophenone (BP) as initiator. [25] By varying the molar fraction of IBA, f…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…f) Specific fracture energy (Г/ρ) versus specific strength (σ/ρ). Fracture energies of various materials were determined by trouser tearing tests (for soft FRPs from viscoelastomers, PA gels and PDMS, rubbers), [20][21][22] essential work of fracture (EWF) tests (for engineering polymers and elastomers), [25,42] double cantilever beam or crack opening three point bend tests (for CFRP and GFRP, [41] metallic glasses, [31,43,44] metals and alloys, [41,45] ceramics, [36,46] and woods [41] ), respectively. Summarized mechanical properties of materials are shown in Table S8 (Supporting Information).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fiber‐Reinforced Viscoelastomers Show Extraordinary Crack Resistance That Exceeds Metals

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soft fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRPs), consisting of rubbery matrices and rigid fabrics, are widely utilized in industry because they possess high specific strength in tension while allowing flexural deformation under bending or twisting. Nevertheless, existing soft FRPs are relatively weak against crack propagation due to interfacial delamination, which substantially increases their risk of failure during use. In this work, a class of soft FRPs that possess high specific strength while simultaneously showing extraordinary crack resistance are developed. The strategy is to synthesize tough viscoelastic matrices from acrylate monomers in the presence of woven fabrics, which generates soft composites with a strong interface and interlocking structure. Such composites exhibit fracture energy, Γ, of up to 2500 kJ m−2, exceeding the toughest existing materials. Experimental elucidation shows that the fracture energy obeys a simple relation, Γ = W · lT, where W is the volume‐weighted average of work of extension at fracture of the two components and lT is the force transfer length that scales with the square root of fiber/matrix modulus ratio. Superior Γ is achieved through a combination of extraordinarily large lT (10–100 mm), resulting from the extremely high fiber/matrix modulus ratios (104–105), and the maximized energy dissipation density, W. The elucidated quantitative relationship provides guidance toward the design of extremely tough soft composites.

show abstract

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

(f = \frac{M_{IBA}}{M_{IBA} + M_{PEA}})

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscoelastomer matrices are formed by one step radical copolymerization from liquid acrylate monomers without using solvent. [25] The low viscosity and good wettability of the Figure 1. Design strategy of extraordinarily tough fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) and the properties of viscoelastomer matrices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fiber‐Reinforced Viscoelastomers Show Extraordinary Crack Resistance That Exceeds Metals

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Ambiently and Mechanically Stable Ionogels for Soft Ionotronics

Yiming

Guo

Ali

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

123

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stretchable ionic conductors such as hydrogels and ionic‐liquid‐based gels (aka ionogels) have garnered great attention as they enable the development of soft ionotronics. Notably, soft ionotronic devices inevitably operate in humid environments or under mechanical loads. However, many previously reported hydrogels and ionogels, however, are unstable in environments with varying humidity levels owing to hydrophilicity, and their liquid components (i.e., ionic liquid, water) may leak easily from polymer matrices under mechanical loads, causing deterioration of device performance. This work presents novel hydrophobic ionogels with strong ionic liquid retention capability. The ionogels are ambiently and mechanically stable, capable of not absorbing moisture in environments with high relative humidity and almost not losing liquid components during long periods of mechanical loading. Moreover, the ionogels exhibit desirable conductivity (10−4–10−5 S cm−1), large rupturing strain (>2000%), moderate fractocohesive length (0.51–1.03 mm), and wide working temperature range (−60 to 200 °C). An ionic skin is further designed by integrating the concept of sensory artificial skins and triboelectric nanogenerators, which can convert multiple stimuli into various types of signals, including resistance, capacitance, short‐circuit current, and open‐circuit voltage. This work may open new avenues for the development of soft ionotronics with stable performance.

show abstract

A Facile Strategy to Fabricate Tough and Adhesive Elastomers by In Situ Formation of Coordination Complexes as Physical Crosslinks

Hu,

Jiao,

Hao

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coordination bonds with a dynamic nature and wide‐spectrum bond energy have gained great popularity in use for fabricating tough soft materials. However, most existing coordination‐based elastomers are prepared through complicated procedures, usually involving elaborate synthesis of ligand‐containing monomers or polymers, ion diffusion to form coordination complexes, and removal of organic solvent during the synthesis, which are neither easy operation nor environmentally friendly. Here, a facile and effective strategy is demonstrated to fabricate tough metallosupramolecular elastomers by one‐pot polymerization of aqueous precursor solutions containing commercial agents, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid, 2‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl acrylate, and Zr4+ ions. After solvent (i.e. water) evaporation, the obtained elastomers are transparent and extremely tough owing to the presence of sulfonate‐Zr4+ coordination complexes as physical crosslinks. Their mechanical properties are tunable over a wide spectrum by adjusting the composition of copolymers and the density of coordination bonds. This eco‐friendly strategy is further extended to various commercial monomers, manifesting good universality to toughen elastomers. Furthermore, the abundant functional groups of copolymers make the elastomers adhesive to various substrates including themselves, favoring applications such as interfacial adhesion and encapsulations. The easy fabrication, tunable mechanical properties, and adhesion ability endow the elastomers with great potential as the substrate of wearable soft electronics.

show abstract

Facile synthesis of novel elastomers with tunable dynamics for toughness, self-healing and adhesion

Abstract: We propose a universal strategy to design novel advanced elastomers with excellent properties through dynamic linear rheology.

Cited by 83 publications

References 36 publications

Fiber‐Reinforced Viscoelastomers Show Extraordinary Crack Resistance That Exceeds Metals

Fiber‐Reinforced Viscoelastomers Show Extraordinary Crack Resistance That Exceeds Metals

Ambiently and Mechanically Stable Ionogels for Soft Ionotronics

A Facile Strategy to Fabricate Tough and Adhesive Elastomers by In Situ Formation of Coordination Complexes as Physical Crosslinks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About