Facile Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Black for Electroanalysis: Application to the Detection of Hydrazine

Abstract

Carbon black nanoparticles modified with palladium nanoparticles (Pd/CB) were prepared using a facile methodology. Stirring CB in an aqueous solution of palladium chloride was found to result in the spontaneous formation of Pd nanoparticles on the CB surface. The Pd/CB composite demonstrated high electrocatalytic activity towards hydrazine oxidation, with good stability and reproducibility. Three linear dynamic ranges of hydrazine determination were found between 5 mM and 50 mM. The limit of detection (LOD) for hydrazine was found to be 8.8 mM (based on 3s). The sensitivity of unmodified CB to trace metal impurities present in certain common electrolytes is also noted.

High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

“…Figure 6A represents a linear sweep voltammogram recorded in a pH 7.4 PBS containing 0.5 M hydrazine using Pd (4 wt %) doped HAP modified screen-printed electrode (Pd/HAP/SPE) in comparison to the bare SPE in the same aqueous solution. As described previously upon palladium metal surfaces the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine involves transfer of 4 electrons per molecule leading to the production of nitrogen [47]. It can be observed in Figure 6A, that the bare SPE was first examined in order to evaluate its suitability to detect hydrazine, with an analytical signal, unlike when the electrode was modified with Pd doped HAP where significant increase in current is observed demonstrating the catalytic role towards the material.…”

A sensitive hydrazine hydrate sensor based on a mercaptomethyl-terminated trinuclear Ni(ii) complex modified gold electrode

“…5,6 Various methods, such as spectrophotometric determination, 4, 6-9 electrochemiluminescence, 5 gas chromatography (GC) or GC tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 10 and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or LC-MS methods, 11,12 have been established for the detection of hydrazine. Various inorganic and organic materials with specific electrocatalytic properties have been reported, including metal nanoparticles, [14][15][16] semiconductor nanoparticles, 17,18 metallophthalocyanine complexes, 13,19,20 hexacyanoferrate salt, 21 and organic compounds with a hydroquinone structure. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a simple but reliable and sensitive method for the detection of hydrazine hydrate at trace levels in aqueous solution.…”

Electrocatalytic activity of bimetallic Au–Pd nanoparticles in the presence of cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine

“…Table 3 shows a comparison of LoD with those in literature [46][47][48][49]. It shows most of the hydrazine studies were done in pH 7 and their systems are comparable to the studies done in pH 8.…”