Facilitating industrial symbiosis to achieve circular economy using value-added by design: A case study in transforming the automobile industry sheet metal waste-flow into Voronoi facade systems

The Potential of Industrial Symbiosis: Case Analysis and Main Drivers and Barriers to Its Implementation

“…One example is a case study of Baglan, South Wales, in which, due to the local proximity between the stakeholders of potential synergy, the recovery of platinum for the production of catalytic electrodes for dye-sensitised solar cells could be translated into environmental, economic, and social benefits [137]. The potential direct use of sheet metal scrap from the automobile industry in the manufacture of new facade systems for the exterior of buildings could also lead to a reduction in costs of approximately 40% and a reduction in energy consumption of approximately 67% compared to a conventional recycling process [142].…”

“…A knowledge of the potential environmental, economic and social benefits that these new uses of waste can provide is also very relevant, as these can drive realisation. In the same way as for studies of potential industrial symbiosis between companies, the environmental component was the most frequently analysed aspect [135,[138][139][140], followed by economic factors [137,140,142,144], and finally social components [140]. The potential benefits from the use of new waste materials and the manufacture of new products based on industrial symbiosis are extremely diverse.…”

“…and the existing NPK-fertilizers produced a GWP burden of 1304.92 kg CO 2 -equiv. [139] Reduce the overall GWP, acidification potential and eutrophication potential per kg KNO 3 produced by 7.8 kg of CO 2 -e, 0.122 kg SO 2 -e and 0.075 kg PO 4 -e respectively in comparison to the production of conventional KNO 3 fertilizer and could reduce GHG emissions by 45% [142] Reusing the sheet metal scrap over conventional recycling of the same material would lead to a cost reduction of approximately 40% ($400 USD/ton) and savings of approximately 67% (10,000 MJ/ton) of energy consumption [136] Provide a rather short-term solution to the existing environmental problem of waste glycerol, contributes to increase sustainability and reduce environmental footprint…”

A facilitating framework for a developing country to adopt smart waste management in the context of circular economy

“…The biggest example of poor air index quality is Lahore, where people are subjected to several complicated respiratory diseases (Ashraf et al 2019 ). To solve the aforementioned problem, the reduction of industrial waste can be the biggest driver toward reduced environmental degradation in the country (Ali et al 2019a , 2019b , 2019c ). The CE approach itself focuses on the adoption of principles that revolve around the use of resources in the best possible manner along with the achievement of goals that revolve around reduced environmental degradation.…”

Upcycling Obsolete Mechanical Equipment Into Innovative Laboratory Test Rigs: A Low-Cost Solution or a Sustainable Design Approach?

“…'recycling' involves a complete loss of shape and is considered as a waste treatment whereas 'reuse' implies a totally different strategy. In the scope of this research work the distinction established by Ali et al (2019), between recycling and reusing is further elaborated by the term 'upcycling', which is hence adopted. From the materials viewpoint, they consider the impact of reuse practices over recycling on the worldwide steel production.…”