“…Understanding how learners evaluate academic tasks can help predict what courses they will take and what assignments they will do (Simpkins, Davis-Kean, & Eccles, 2006) and may assist in determining when and if they will develop intrinsic motivation and interest for a particular task (Wigfield & Cambria, 2010). Outside of the classroom, expectancies are strong indicators of the willingness of individuals to engage in and perform a diverse set of behaviors, such as the degree of effective self-management employees demonstrate at work (Lord, Diefendorff, Schmidt, & Hall, 2010), when, if, and how online learners use wiki-tools to enhance collaboration (Ertmer et al, 2011), and even the intentionality and associated expectations for using a condom (Albarracín, Johnson, Fishbein & Muellerliele, 2001)! In one longitudinal study, Durik, Vida, and Eccles (2006) found that subject judgments made in grammar school were so enduring that they accurately predicted the frequency of future literacy choices 6 years later.…”