Facilitative effect of a pretest exposure to the CS: Analysis and implications for the memory trace

Gisquet-Verrier, Pascale; Alexinsky, Tatiana

doi:10.3758/bf03205292

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The cuing effects obtained in the light training condition fully confirmed our previous results (Gisquet-Verrier & Alexinsky, 199Oa;. Most of the effects of prior cuing obtained in the dark condition are similar to those obtained in the light condition: A pretest exposure to the CS dramatically increased the retention performance when delivered relatively shortly after training (i.e., 1 day; Experiment 1), but it no longer had any effect when given after a 21-day TTl (Experiment 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Coherence of retrieval cues, rather than additivity, determines prior cuing effectiveness in the rat

Gisquet-Verrier

1992

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In previous studies, we have shown that adding a supplementary cue in a prior-cuing treatment may dramatically reduce its initial effectiveness. This series of experiments was aimed at testing the hypothesis that such a lack of additivity among retrieval cues could be due to the combined reactivation of memory attributes related to incompatible behavioral responses. For that purpose, rats were partially trained to reach the lighted arm (light condition; usual training condition) or the darkened arm (dark condition) of a V-maze in order to avoid an electric footshock. The first experiment demonstrates that animals learned the two versions of the task similarly and that an exposure to the light similarly acts as an effective retrieval cue after a 24-h interval. In the second experiment, the effectiveness of exposure to the grid alone and to the light alone as well as to the combined light + grid cue was investigated after a 21-day training-to-test interval in the light condition, where light was related to safety and grid was associated with the shock, and in the dark condition, where both light and grid were related to the shock. The results indicate that whereas the compound light + grid cue was an ineffective retrieval cue in the light condition, it acted as an effective retrieval cue in the dark condition, supporting the hypothesis that coherence between retrieval cues is a necessary condition for effective cuing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Coherence of retrieval cues, rather than additivity, determines prior cuing effectiveness in the rat

Gisquet-Verrier

1992

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…The present results confirm that the animals exposed to the CS before a l-h delayed-retention test exhibited strongly enhanced retention performance. Pretest exposure to the CS has already been shown to be effective when delivered relatively soon after training Gordon et al, 1979;Kasprowet al, 1982;Rohrbaugh & Riccio, 1970;Rohrbaugh et al, 1972; see also Gisquet-Verrier & Alexinsky, 1989). These results further confirm that a similar facilitative effect was obtained after a pretest exposure to the experimental context or to a sequence of training events, following a 21-day retention interval.…”

Section: Retentionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Cuing effectiveness of a pretest exposure to the CS significantly decreased over time. Such a loss of effectiveness in promoting the reactivation of the initial memory, long after training, could be due to a memory loss for specific attributes of the CS that has been demonstrated by several authors (Hendersen, Patterson, & Jackson, 1980;Thomas & Riccio, 1979; for more details, see Gisquet-Verrier & Alexinsky, 1989). On the other hand, these results demonstrate that a pretest exposure to the experimental context improved retention performance after both retention intervals studied.…”

Section: Retentioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…After longer intervals, this treatment may lose its effectiveness because of a memory loss for specific attributes of the CS (for more details, see Gisquet-Verrier & Alexinsky, 1989). (4) At the opposite extreme, the effectiveness of an exposure to the well-ordered sequence of events (Treatment SEQ) or to the experimental context (Treatment CONT) increases over time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CS was delivered in the same way as the DCS: animals in Group BL (box + light) were placed in the cuing box and were exposed to a series of five 2-sec illuminations presented every 28 sec and delivered by a 40-W lamp, similar to the one used during training. In every one of the few studies that have established the effectiveness of a pretest exposure to the CS, the treatment was always delivered relatively soon after training (see Gisquet-Verrier & Alexinsky, 1989). For that reason, Treatment BL was expected to be effective for the shortest retention intervals and no prediction was made for the longest TTL In our laboratory, pretest exposure to the experimental context has been repeatedly shown to be highly effective in attenuating the performance deficit resulting from spontaneous forgetting (Deweer, 1986;Deweer et al, 1980;Gisquet-Verrier & Alexinsky, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Differential effects of several retrieval cues over time: Evidence for time-dependent reorganization of memory

Gisquet-Verrier¹,

Dekeyne²,

Alexinsky³

1989

Animal Learning & Behavior

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The retention performance following partial training (15 trials) of a brightness-discrimination avoidance task has been shown to fluctuate over time, with a drop in performance 1 h after training (Kamin effect), a long-term spontaneous improvement (LTSl) after 3 days, and long-term spontaneous forgetting after 21 days. The purpose of this paper was to determine ifthese time-dependent modulations of retention performance reflect time-dependent modifications in the organization of the attributes that constitute the memory trace. We studied the relative effectiveness of several pretest cuings on retention performance when they were delivered just before a retention test occurring 1 h, 3 days, or 21 days following initial training. Some cuing treatments were related to a particular training event (conditioned or unconditioned stimulus, experimental context). Compound cuings, composed of two or more training events, were also studied to test a possible additive effect between retrieval cues. To demonstrate time-dependent modifications in the memory trace, a differential effectiveness over time was expected for at least some retrieval cues. The results show that cuing may compensate for performance deficits (1 h or 21 days), but does not further enhance performance when spontaneously improved (3 days). No detectable additive effects of retrieval cues were obtained. However, these results provide information that suggests a time-dependent effectiveness for some cuing treatments. In the last experiment, we investigated this possibility by studying the effects of each of these treatments when delivered after either a J-h or a 21-day retention interval. The results confirm a time-dependent decrease in effectiveness of a pretest exposure to the CS and an increase in effectiveness over time of a pretest exposure to the experimental context or to a well-ordered sequence of events. Such differential retrievability of a partially learned episode according to both the nature of the cues and the length of the retention interval suggests a time-dependent reorganization of memory attributes.

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Linear relationship between the maintenance of hippocampal long‐term potentiation and retention of an associative memory

Doyère

Laroche

1992

Hippocampus

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The hypothesis that the maintenance or decay of an associative memory trace after an extended retention interval is a function of the residual strength of the synapses originally strengthened during learning was examined in a classical conditioning paradigm in which high-frequency stimulation of a hippocampal input--the medial perforant path--served as a conditioned stimulus. Rats received perforant path stimulus-foot shock pairings while engaged in a previously acquired food-motivated lever-pressing task. Conditioned suppression of lever pressing was the behavioral measure of learning and retention of the association. Stimulus trains to the perforant path at an intensity above the threshold for eliciting a population spike induced long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus. Synaptic potentials recorded extracellularly in the dentate gyrus were subsequently monitored for 31 days to examine quantitatively the decay of synaptic potentiation, a period after which retention of the learned association was assessed. All rats learned the association to a similar extent and displayed equivalent amounts of long-term potentiation by the end of conditioning. A slowly decaying function of synaptic potentiation was observed in remembering rats, i.e., rats with high retention performance after the 31-day learning-to-retention interval, while forgetting was associated with a rapid decay of long-term potentiation. Behavioral performance at the long-term memory test was linearly correlated with the amplitude of long-term potentiation maintained just prior to the retention test. The results favor the hypothesis that long-term associative memory depends, at least in part, on the maintenance of elevated synaptic strengths in the pathway activated during learning and suggest a role for the lasting component of long-term potentiation in the maintenance of memory.

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Facilitative effect of a pretest exposure to the CS: Analysis and implications for the memory trace

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Coherence of retrieval cues, rather than additivity, determines prior cuing effectiveness in the rat

Coherence of retrieval cues, rather than additivity, determines prior cuing effectiveness in the rat

Differential effects of several retrieval cues over time: Evidence for time-dependent reorganization of memory

Linear relationship between the maintenance of hippocampal long‐term potentiation and retention of an associative memory

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