Facing the wrath of enigmatic mutations: a review on the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants amid coronavirus disease‐19 pandemic

Chadha, Jatin; Khullar, Lavanya; Mittal, Nidhi

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.15687

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Clinical research showed that the emergence of the Delta variant can incite damage in the lung, liver, gastrointestinal system, vascular, neurological system, heart, pancreas, kidneys and other organs of infected people, leading to a series of clinical manifestations, such as cough, pneumonia, dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, liver damage, abdominal pain, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), myocardial damage, pancreatic injury and acute kidney injury as other SARS-CoV-2 variants (Figure 2) [28,29]. In particular, the Delta variant also displays a series of unique physiological characteristics and clinical features compared to other SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as high viral load, strong transmissibility and resistance against existing monoclonal antibodies therapy [30][31][32][33][34]. These features of the Delta Variant have led to higher transmission characteristics and mortality compared with other SARS-COV-2 variants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of Vaccine Breakthrough Infections by SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant

Zhang¹,

Liang²,

Yu³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Vaccines are proving to be highly effective in controlling hospitalization and deaths associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, as shown by clinical trials and real-world evidence. However, a deadly second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), infected by SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant, with an increased number of post-vaccination breakthrough infections were reported in the world recently. Actually, Delta variant not only resulted in a severe surge of vaccine breakthrough infections which was accompanied with high viral load and transmissibility, but also challenged the development of effective vaccines. Therefore, the biological characteristics and epidemiological profile of Delta variant, the current status of Delta variant vaccine breakthrough infections and the mechanism of vaccine breakthrough infections were discussed in this article. In addition, the significant role of the Delta variant spike (S) protein in the mechanism of immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 was highlighted in this article. In particular, we further discussed key points on the future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and development, hoping to make a contribution to the early, accurate and rapid control of the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of Vaccine Breakthrough Infections by SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant

Zhang¹,

Liang²,

Yu³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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“…SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus displaying characteristic crown-like projections on its surface. Structurally, the virus codes for four structural proteins, namely the Envelope (E), Membrane (M), Spike (S), and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins [3]. These proteins cumulatively aid viral entry into host cells, subsequent infection, replication, and assembly of virion particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to its highly mutative positive-sense ssRNA genome, infection cycle, and the expansion of viral geographical range, variants of SARS-CoV-2 have also emerged during this pandemic [3]. This makes the present situation more intense, making the epidemiologists and researchers reiterate their line of action before the mutants unleash a wave of violent infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S1 subunit includes the N-Terminal Domain (NTD) and the Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD), which houses the Receptor-Binding Motif (RBM). In the process of virus attachment, the S protein undergoes conformational changes resulting in endosome-mediated entry into the host cells [3]. Any amino acid substitutions (mutations) in the S protein can result in SARS-CoV-2 variants with an enhanced affi nity towards the hACE2 receptor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Screening of Phytochemicals Targeting the Main Protease and Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2: An In silico Approach

Gulati¹,

Yadav²,

Chadha³

et al. 2021

J Biomed Res Environ Sci

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus responsible for the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite the advent of COVID-19 vaccines, pandemic fatigue is still escalating as new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge and vaccine shortages hit globally. Hence, drug repurposing remains an alternative strategy to combat SARS-CoV-2. For centuries, plants have served as natural reservoirs of pharmacologically active compounds with minimal cytotoxicity and promising antimicrobial and antiviral activities. In this light, the present study was undertaken to virtually screen 33 phytochemicals across various cultivars against the main protease (Mpro) and Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 using ADME analysis. 31 phytochemicals obeying Lipinski’s rules were subjected to molecular docking using AutoDock Vina. Docking scores were determined by selecting the best conformation of the protein-ligand complex that exhibited the highest affinity. The study identified withanone, licoflavone A, and silibinin to interact with the S protein at the hACE2-binding site with high binding energies. Similarly, myricitrin, withanone, naringenin, licoflavone A, and silibinin exhibited high binding affinities with the substrate-binding pocket of Mpro between the domains I and II. Interestingly, licoflavone A, silibinin, and withanone interacted with both Mpro and S proteins in silico. Further, drug-likeness studies indicated withanone to be the most readily bioavailable phytochemicals among the three shortlisted ligands. Therefore, phytochemicals can be regarded as potential leads for developing inhibitors against this mysterious virus. In vitro investigations are further warranted to prove their antiviral efficacy.

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the urgent need for governments, healthcare decision makers, providers, and others, to refocus on balancing their response with wider health needs. The increased availability of novel web-based data sources can substantially improve infectious disease surveillance (Choi et al, 2016;Ainsworth et al, 2021). Globally, web-based surveillance tools and epidemic intelligence methods are providing new prospects to facilitate risk assessment and timely outbreak detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 genome datasets analytics for informed infectious disease surveillance

et al. 2021

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged economies, health systems, and lives globally. Concerns surrounding near total economic collapse, loss of livelihood and emotional complications ensuing from lockdowns and commercial inactivity, resulted in governments loosening economic restrictions. These concerns were further exacerbated by the absence of vaccines and drugs to combat the disease, with the fear that the next wave of the pandemic would be more fatal. Consequently, integrating disease surveillance mechanism into public healthcare systems is gaining traction, to reduce the spread of community and cross-border infections and offer informed medical decisions. Methods: Publicly available datasets of coronavirus cases around the globe deposited between December, 2019 and March 15, 2021 were retrieved from GISAID EpiFluTM and processed. Also retrieved from GISAID were data on the different SARS-CoV-2 variant types since inception of the pandemic. Results: Epidemiological analysis offered interesting statistics for understanding the demography of SARS-CoV-2 and helped the elucidation of local and foreign transmission through a history of contact travels. Results of genome pattern visualization and cognitive knowledge mining revealed the emergence of high intra-country viral sub-strains with localized transmission routes traceable to immediate countries, for enhanced contact tracing protocol. Variant surveillance analysis indicates increased need for continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants. A collaborative Internet of Health Things (IoHT) framework was finally proposed to impact the public health system, for robust and intelligent support for modelling, characterizing, diagnosing and real-time contact tracing of infectious diseases. Conclusions: Localizing healthcare disease surveillance is crucial in emerging disease situations and will support real-time/updated disease case definitions for suspected and probable cases. The IoHT framework proposed in this paper will assist early syndromic assessments of emerging infectious diseases and support healthcare/medical countermeasures as well as useful strategies for making informed policy decisions to drive a cost effective, smart healthcare system.

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Facing the wrath of enigmatic mutations: a review on the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants amid coronavirus disease‐19 pandemic

Cited by 32 publications

References 91 publications

A systematic review of Vaccine Breakthrough Infections by SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant

A systematic review of Vaccine Breakthrough Infections by SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant

Virtual Screening of Phytochemicals Targeting the Main Protease and Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2: An In silico Approach

SARS-CoV-2 genome datasets analytics for informed infectious disease surveillance

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