Factor Structure of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire in a Clinical Sample

Zettle, Robert D.; Webster, Blake K.; Gird, Suzanne R.; Wagener, Alexandra L.; Burdsal, Charles A.

doi:10.1521/ijct.2013.6.3.280

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Research has demonstrated the ATQ's discriminate validity for differentiating between depressed and non-depressed groups [3,32]. Numerous studies have supported the convergent validity of the ATQ via its positive correlation with various measures of depression [33,34] and anxiety symptoms [35] and its negative correlation with life satisfaction [36]; studies have also shown support for predictive validity because of its ability to significantly predict the onset of suicidal ideation 3 months later [37].…”

Section: Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (Atq-n)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between negative and positive cognition and psychopathological states in adults aged 18 to 20

Alsaleh

Lebreuilly

et al. 2016

Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive

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SummaryWe have examined the relationships between positive and negative thinking and depression and anxiety. A total of 102 students have participated in this study. The Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire and Positive Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire were used to evaluate negative and positive thoughts, respectively. The Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to assess psychopathological states. Depression was correlated with negative thinking (r = 0.77; P < 0.01) and gender (r = 0.13; P < 0.05), and inversely correlated with positive thinking (r = −0.45; P < 0.01). Multiple linear regressions showed that both negative and positive thinking affected depression (F = 148.04 and F = 13.86, respectively; P < 0.01). Anxiety was correlated with negative thinking (r = 0.62; P < 0.01), and inversely correlated with positive thinking (r = −0.31; P < 0.01) and gender (r = −0.11; P < 0.05). Depressed, non-anxious participants had higher negative thinking scores (P < 0.05) than non-depressed, non-anxious subjects who had lower positive thinking scores (P < 0.05) than non-depressed, nonanxious ones. Depression and anxiety were explained by negative thinking more than positive thinking. A decrease in depression and anxiety could be linked to a decrease in negative * Corresponding author. MOTS CLÉSCognition ; Pensées négatives ; Pensée positive ; État psychopathologique ; Dépression ; Anxiété ; Thérapies comportementales et cognitives Résumé La dépression se caractérise par la présence de pensées négatives, sur soi, sur le monde et sur l'avenir, ce que Beck a appelé la triade cognitive. Les pensées automatiques négatives sont supposées jouer un rôle central dans le développement et la persistance de la dépression (Hollon et Kendall, 1980) et de l'anxiété (Hollon et Kendall, 1980 Sanne et al., 2012). Cependant, le rôle des pensées positives dans la dépression et l'anxiété n'est pas très évident. Notre étude a pour but d'examiner le rôle des auto-déclarations négatives et positives sur le niveau d'anxiété et de dépression des étudiants. Notre échantillon se compose de 102 étudiants âgés de 18 à 20 ans, déprimés, non déprimés, anxieux et non anxieux. Les résultats de l'étude nous ont permis de mettre en évidence deux types de pensées liés aux troubles psychologiques. Premièrement, les pensées automatiques négatives sont fortement activées chez les étudiants déprimés, alors qu'elles le sont beaucoup moins chez les étudiants non déprimés. Deuxièmement, à l'inverse ce sont les pensées automatiques positives qui sont plus activées chez les étudiants non déprimés par comparaison avec les étudiants déprimés. Dans notre étude, la pensée négative est positivement corrélée avec la dépression et l'anxiété (p < 0,01). Cependant, la pensée positive est négativement corrélée avec la dépression et l'anxiété (p < 0,01). Les résultats de la régression multiple linéaire montrent que les pensées négatives et positives ont contribué de manière significative (p < 0,001) à expliquer la variance dans la dépression....

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Section: Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (Atq-n)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between negative and positive cognition and psychopathological states in adults aged 18 to 20

Alsaleh

Lebreuilly

et al. 2016

Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive

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“…For each item, respondents are asked to indicate how frequently each thought occurred during the past week (1 = not at all, 5 = all the time). The ATQ predominantly concentrates on negative cognitions characteristic of depression, e.g., loss, failure, self-depreciation ( 10 ) and consists of statements that reflect different aspects of depression, e.g., demoralization, self-criticism, brooding, amotivation, and interpersonal disappointment ( 47 ). The ATQ has been reported to have excellent psychometric properties and to differentiate between depressed and non-depressed groups ( 48 , 49 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Negative Automatic Thoughts: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Cognition Checklist

Batmaz

Yüncü

Kocbiyik

2015

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background:Beck’s theory of emotional disorder suggests that negative automatic thoughts (NATs) and the underlying schemata affect one’s way of interpreting situations and result in maladaptive coping strategies. Depending on their content and meaning, NATs are associated with specific emotions, and since they are usually quite brief, patients are often more aware of the emotion they feel. This relationship between cognition and emotion, therefore, is thought to form the background of the cognitive content specificity hypothesis. Researchers focusing on this hypothesis have suggested that instruments like the cognition checklist (CCL) might be an alternative to make a diagnostic distinction between depression and anxiety.Objectives:The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the CCL in a psychiatric outpatient sample.Patients and Methods:A total of 425 psychiatric outpatients 18 years of age and older were recruited. After a structured diagnostic interview, the participants completed the hospital anxiety depression scale (HADS), the automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ), and the CCL. An exploratory factor analysis was performed, followed by an oblique rotation. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity analyses were undertaken.Results:The internal consistency of the CCL was excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0.95). The test-retest correlation coefficients were satisfactory (r = 0.80, P < 0.001 for CCL-D, and r = 0.79, P < 0.001 for CCL-A). The exploratory factor analysis revealed that a two-factor solution best fit the data. This bidimensional factor structure explained 51.27 % of the variance of the scale. The first factor consisted of items related to anxious cognitions, and the second factor of depressive cognitions. The CCL subscales significantly correlated with the ATQ (rs 0.44 for the CCL-D, and 0.32 for the CCL-A) as well as the other measures of mood severity (all Ps < 0.01). To a great extent, all items of the CCL were able to distinguish the clinical and non-clinical groups, suggesting the scale has high discriminating validity.Conclusions:The current study has provided evidence that the Turkish version of the CCL is a reliable and valid instrument to assess NATs in a clinical outpatient sample.

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“…Research has demonstrated the ATQ's discriminate validity for differentiating between depressed and nondepressed groups (Hollon & Kendall, ; Harrell & Ryon, ). Numerous studies have supported the convergent validity of the ATQ via its positive correlation with various measures of depression (Ghassemzadeh, Mojtabai, Karamghadiri, & Ebrahimkhani, ; Zettle, Webster, Gird, Wagener, & Burdsal, ) and anxiety symptoms (Aydin, ) and its negative correlation with life satisfaction (Netemeyer et al., ); studies have also shown support for predictive validity because of its ability to significantly predict the onset of suicidal ideation 3 months later (Chioqueta & Stiles, ).…”

Section: Automatic Thought In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the factor structure of the different forms of the ATQ has remained inconsistent across different empirical studies. The shortened 8‐ and 15‐item versions of the ATQ revealed a single‐factor structure of negative automatic thoughts (Netemeyer et al., ), whereas various studies for the original ATQ‐30 reported multidimensionality with two factors (Joseph, ), three factors (Deardorff, Hopkins, & Finch, ), four factors (Hollon & Kendall, ), and five factors (Zettle et al., ). Different names were used to address the different factors by different researchers.…”

Section: Automatic Thought In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) Among Mainland Chinese Students in Hong Kong

Pan

2015

J Clin Psychol

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Factor Structure of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire in a Clinical Sample

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

The relationship between negative and positive cognition and psychopathological states in adults aged 18 to 20

The relationship between negative and positive cognition and psychopathological states in adults aged 18 to 20

Assessing Negative Automatic Thoughts: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Cognition Checklist

Validation of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) Among Mainland Chinese Students in Hong Kong

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