Factorial Analysis of Xylanase and Cellulase Production from Pineapple Peel Waste

Abstract

Pineapple wastes (skin, core and crown) are mainly composed of carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in feed are indigestible by the endogenous enzymes in poultry. Thus, exogenous enzymes (xylanase and cellulase) are required to overcome this problem. Due to high fiber content, pineapple wastes are unsuitable for animal feed. However, the fermented waste juice could be used to produce enzymes. The objective of this study is to produce xylanase and cellulase from the fermentation of pineapple waste using Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) bacteria inoculated from probiotic drink. The fermentation was performed using different screening parameters (incubation time, temperature, pH value and substrate concentration) according to Two-Level Full Factorial Design (FFD) by Design Expert. From this study, the incubation temperature and substrate concentration had the highest influence on the xylanase activity (39.82 U/mL) while the fermentation time and substrate concentration mostly affected the cellulase activity (8.05 U/mL). Meanwhile, the pH had the least influence on both enzyme activities. The pineapple waste at its best fermentation parameters not only offers an economical way of high enzyme production but also alleviates the agricultural waste disposal issue. Further optimization of the pineapple waste fermentation parameters is required though to maximize enzyme production.

Parametric Screening of Fermentation Conditions for Protease Production from Pineapple Waste

“…Design-Expert® software (Version 7.1.6, Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) was used to analyse and construct the screening experimental design of the fermentation process parameters in the enzyme synthesis from the pineapple waste juice fermentation [14]. Incubation period, temperature, pH of the medium and substrate concentration were chosen as four parameter components in a 2 4 partial factorial design.…”

“…Waste from pineapple also can be a source of proteolytic enzyme, which is widely used as a therapeutic and meat-tenderiser [12]. Several enzyme fermentation researches have been done by using pineapple waste [11]; [13]; [14]. However, most of the research focused on enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase and pectinase.…”

One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) Optimization of Victoria Blue R Dye Biodegradation by Pineapple Waste Garbage Enzymes

“…The Malaysia Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a typical tropic fruit with a total production of between 16 and 19 million tonnes around the world annually [8]. Generally, pineapple is consumed as fresh fruits or is processed into salads, fruit cocktail, jam, and can.…”

“…Pineapple wastes are a rich source of GE, which contains abundant proteases, amylases, and lipases. The pineapple and citrus peelsderived GE have high levels of protease, lipase, and amylase activity, which aid in the breakdown of TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen), COD (Chemical oxygen demand), and TP (Total phosphorus) in waste activated sludge and landfill leachate, increasing their solubilization [8,9]. Jiang et al, [11] reported that adding GE effectively reduced the NH3 emission and increased the TN (Total Nitrogen) content of the end compost.…”

“…For instance, optimization using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) statistical method would be an excellent solution to test the optimal conditions for dye removal by garbage enzymes. Next, studying the factors could reduce the cost of implementation to ensure that garbage enzymes can be a more affordable and attractive option than commercial enzymes while identifying the most cost-effective conditions for enzyme activities [8].…”