Factorial Study of Rain Garden Design for Nitrogen Removal

Gilchrist, Sivajini; Borst, Michael; Stander, Emilie K.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000678

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several mesocosm and field biofiltration studies that included a submerged media layer have observed results similar to the acclimated microcosms with respect to negligible removal and/or removal of NH þ 4 (Dietz and Clausen, 2006;Passeport et al, 2009;Brown and Hunt, 2011;Lucas and Greenway, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011;Palmer et al, 2013). Hunt et al (2006) and Gilchrist et al (2014) observed an export of NH þ 4 ; however, these systems contained organic soil or peat in the unsaturated layer, which may have provided a source of NH þ 4 . Results from the low initial DO and high initial DO microcosms (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Performance and Longevity of Denitrifying Wood-Chip Biofilters for Stormwater Treatment: A Microcosm Study

Lynn

YehDaniel

ErgasSarina

2015

Environmental Engineering Science

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Stormwater biofiltration systems can alleviate eutrophication by reducing nitrogen loadings from stormwater runoff. These systems can be modified to further enhance nitrogen removal by incorporating a submerged layer with a carbon source to promote denitrification. The objectives of this research were to compare the nitrate (NO À 3 ) removal performance of various media mixtures under varying environmental conditions and to estimate the longevity of carbon media in denitrifying biofilter microcosms. Media types evaluated consisted of mixtures containing sand, gravel, and/or eucalyptus wood chips. Negligible NO À 3 removal and high concentrations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), phosphate (PO 3 À 4 ), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were observed from carbon-containing media that were left unsaturated before analysis. High removal of NO À 3 (85-100%) and low concentrations of TKN and DOC were observed when carbon-containing media were acclimated under saturated conditions. A mixture of gravel and eucalyptus-wood media exhibited high NO À 3 removal rates, low final DOC concentrations, and was selected for further analysis. Results indicated that carbon-containing biofilters should include gravel instead of sand media and be designed to maintain saturation to increase NO À 3 removal rates and decrease TKN, PO 3 À 4 , and DOC export. Results from the gravel-wood media were then imported into a novel model developed to estimate media longevity. Based on observed DOC dissolution rate, estimated longevity of the gravel-wood media in denitrifying biofilters was greater than a decade. Results indicate that permanently saturated carbon-containing media will supply a sustainable source of carbon over the functional lifespan of stormwater biofilters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Performance and Longevity of Denitrifying Wood-Chip Biofilters for Stormwater Treatment: A Microcosm Study

Lynn

YehDaniel

ErgasSarina

2015

Environmental Engineering Science

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“…Better quantification of nitrogen cycling in bioswales is the first step toward improving the design and management of these GI installations in order to minimize their nitrogen export [5,31]. In particular, research that examines the distinctions between mineralization, gas emissions, and plant uptake is greatly needed [5,12,32,33]. This study aimed to meet this need by measuring the levels of nitrogen in soil, gas, and plant forms within seven bioswales located in New York City (NYC) over a period spanning from June 2015 to October 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Urban Bioswale Nitrogen Cycling in the Soil, Gas, and Plant Phases

Shetty

Hoch

et al. 2018

Water

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Bioswales are a common feature of urban green infrastructure plans for stormwater management. Despite this fact, the nitrogen (N) cycle in bioswales remains poorly quantified, especially during dry weather in the soil, gas, and plant phases. To quantify the nitrogen cycle across seven bioswale sites located in the Bronx, New York City, we measured rates of ammonium and nitrate production in bioswale soils. We also measured soil nitrous oxide gas emissions and plant foliar nitrogen. We found that all mineralized nitrogen underwent nitrification, indicating that the soils were nitrogen-rich, particularly during summer months when nitrogen cycling rates increase, as indicated by higher levels of ammonium in the soil. In comparison to mineralization (0 to 110 g N m−2 y−1), the amounts of nitrogen uptake by the plants (0 to 5 g N m−2 y−1) and of nitrogen in gas emissions from the soils (1 to 10 g N m−2 y−1) were low, although nitrous oxide gas emissions increased in the summer. The bioswales’ greatest influx of nitrogen was via stormwater (84 to 591 g N m−2 y−1). These findings indicate that bioswale plants receive overabundant nitrogen from stormwater runoff. However, soils currently used for bioswales contain organic matter contributing to the urban nitrogen load. Thus, bioswale designs should use less nitrogen rich soils and minimize fertilization for lower nitrogen runoff.

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“…The internal structure of the simulated column consists of super-high layer, aquifer, overburden layer, composite packing layer, sand filter layer and gravel drainage layer (Barrett et al 2013;Palmer et al 2013;Gilchrist et al 2014). The devices from top to bottom are as follows (Table 1).…”

Section: Equipment Of the Bioretention Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing nitrate and phosphorus removal from stormwater in a fold-flow bioretention system with saturated zones

Zheng-rong

Man-ying

Liu

2021

Water Science and Technology

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The traditional bioretention systems possess a remarkably low nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect. The removal rate fluctuates greatly, and even appears as negative removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. The four simulated bioretention experimental columns with different bilayer media, packing composition and structure were constructed. Based on the traditional fillers, the modified composite fillers with hydroxy-aluminum and modified vermiculite sludge particle (HAVSP) were added. The traditional filler (C1) and the modified composite filler (C2) were added respectively, moreover the saturated zones were set up to enhance the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Removal of nutrients from experimental columns by simulated runoff efficiency was evaluated and compared. In addition, the effect of media depth on phosphorus retention and denitrifying enzyme activity in bioretention columns was also evaluated. The experimental column #2 filled with C2 had the optimum removal effect on total phosphorus (93.70%), however, the removal effect of total phosphorus by filling C1 experimental columns was insufficient (57.36%). Designed to remove nitrate (NO3−-N) and total nitrogen (TN), the experimental column #4 showed the best performance (83.54% and 92.15%, respectively). In this study, we propose a fold-flow bioretention system by filling HAVSP in combination with saturated zones. The runoff water quality can be effectively improved, and a new bioretention cell configuration can be provided for efficient stormwater treatment.

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Factorial Study of Rain Garden Design for Nitrogen Removal

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Performance and Longevity of Denitrifying Wood-Chip Biofilters for Stormwater Treatment: A Microcosm Study

Performance and Longevity of Denitrifying Wood-Chip Biofilters for Stormwater Treatment: A Microcosm Study

Quantifying Urban Bioswale Nitrogen Cycling in the Soil, Gas, and Plant Phases

Enhancing nitrate and phosphorus removal from stormwater in a fold-flow bioretention system with saturated zones

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