Factorial Trial of Three Interventions to Reduce the Progression of Precancerous Gastric Lesions in Shandong, China

Gail, Mitchell H.; You, Wei‐Cheng; Chang, Yung‐Sheng; Zhou, Lian; Blot, Willam J.; Brown, Linda Morris; Groves, Frank D.; Heinrich, John P.; Hu, Jason; Jin, Mu; Li, Jiyou; Liu, Weidong; Ma, Junling; Mark, Steven D.; Rabkin, Charles S.; Fraumeni, Joseph F.; Xu, Guangwei

doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(98)00016-6

Cited by 75 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Details of the study population have been described elsewhere (27). Briefly, in 1994, 4,010 residents age 35 to 64 y were identified by a census of 13 randomly selected villages in four towns of Linqu County.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Polymorphism and Risk of Gastric Lesions, and Its Effects on Chemoprevention in a Chinese Population

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Polymorphism and Risk of Gastric Lesions, and Its Effects on Chemoprevention in a Chinese Population

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…An intervention trial is being conducted in China in which capsules containing steam-distilled garlic oil and aged garlic extract (in addition to amoxicillin and omeprazole or antioxidants) are given to determine whether they reduce the prevalence of dysplasia and other preneoplastic lesions in the stomach (36). No results have yet been published.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds: do they help prevent cancer?

Bianchini

Vainio

2001

Environ Health Perspect

194

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The Allium genus includes approximately 500 species, the most widely used of which are onions (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), leeks (Allium porrum), chives (Allium schoenoprasum), and shallots (Allium ascalonicum). Garlic is widely cultivated and consumed worldwide, and its beneficial effects have been known for thousands of years. It has been considered to increase longevity and to confer stamina and physical strength, and it has been used empirically as a vermifuge, antiseptic, antimicrobic, antipyretic, and analgesic. The scientific community has now become interested in the pharmacologic properties of Allium vegetables and their chemical constituents, particularly with regard to their effects on the cardiovascular system and in the prevention of cancer. Garlic has antihypertensive and antiarrythmic properties and exerts an antithrombotic effect through fibrinolytic activity and the reduction of platelet aggregation. Ingestion of garlic has also been reported to lower the concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins and to increase the concentration of high-density lipoproteins in blood. These findings suggest that garlic has a preventive effect against atherosclerosis and its complications, including stroke, myocardial infarction, and thrombotic disorders. The findings in relation to cancer prevention that have been accumulated over the last 20 years are summarized here.We performed a systematic Medline search of the published literature on epidemiologic studies involving the relationship between consumption of Allium vegetables-garlic, onions, and leeks-and neoplasms/tumors. For the animal studies and for studies on mechanisms of action, we conducted searches for review articles. These lists of references were then updated using references from review papers and original research articles. Active Compounds in Allium VegetablesFresh garlic contains water, carbohydrates, proteins, fiber, and fat, as well as essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. When garlic is cut, chopped, or crushed, the clove's membrane is disrupted and S-allylcysteine sulfoxide (an odorless compound called alliine) is transformed enzymatically into allicin by alliinase (1). Allicin is responsible for the typical odor of garlic, but it is unstable and converts readily into mono-, di-, and trisulfides and other compounds such as ajoene. Onions mainly contain S-propenylcysteine sulfoxide (1), but also other sulfoxides, including S-propylcysteine sulfoxide and S-methylcysteine sulfoxide (2). S-Propenylcysteine sulfoxide, positional isomer of alliin, is called lacrimatory precursor, because it is tranformed by alliinase into the lacrimatory factor propanethial S-oxide. The lacrimatory factor is highly reactive and hydrolyzes to propionaldehyde, sulfuric acid, and hydrogen sulfide; it is also the precursor of several sulfur derivatives. Organosulfur compounds present in Allium vegetables, which are either lipid or water soluble (Table 1), are considered responsible for the beneficial effects of these...

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“…Garlic extract has been used to treat some diseases such as fungal and bacterial infection in China for a long time ago (1,2). The properties of garlic extract have been well reported, including antioxidational, antiatherosclerotic, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). For example, garlic extract can ameliorate oxidative stress and preserve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney, which means that garlic extract has a renoprotective effect in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have reported that garlic extracts were potent agents for protecting LDLs against oxidation and glycation, and could benefit patients with diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases by preventing complications (4). Some epidemiological investigations have demonstrated a reverse correlation between gastric cancer incidence and garlic consumption (5), and a double-blind trial in China showed that garlic extract could prevent the progression of precancerous gastric lesions (6). A previous study suggested that treatment with garlic oil can induce antitumorigenic gene expression in human coloretal cancer cells 97).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diallyl Trisulfide Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression in Inflammed Mucosa of Ulcerative Colitis

Bai

Ouyang

2005

Dig Dis Sci

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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression in inflammed mucosa of ulcerative colitis and its possible mechanism. Colonic biopsies from ulcerative colitis were treated with 0, 1, 5, and 10 microM DATS for 24 hr. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and concentrations of TNF-alpha in supernatants were measured. mRNA expressions of TNF-alpha in biopsies were analyzed by RT-PCR. The expression of NF-kappaB P65 in tissues was studied by immunohistochemistry. Concentrations of TNF-alpha in supernatants of biopsies treated with 5 and 10 microM DATS were lower than those of untreated biopsies. There were fewer lamina propria mononuclear cells whose NF-kappaB P65 expression in nuclei was positive, and less mRNA expression of TNF-alpha in biopsies treated with 10 microM DATS than in untreated biopsies. There were no differences in LDH activities in supernatants between tissues treated with DATS and untreated tissues. DATS could downregulate TNF-alpha production and inhibit NF-kappaB activation in lamina propria mononuclear cells of inflammed mucosa, without any effect on the viability of colonic tissue cells.

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Factorial Trial of Three Interventions to Reduce the Progression of Precancerous Gastric Lesions in Shandong, China

Cited by 75 publications

References 26 publications

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Polymorphism and Risk of Gastric Lesions, and Its Effects on Chemoprevention in a Chinese Population

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Polymorphism and Risk of Gastric Lesions, and Its Effects on Chemoprevention in a Chinese Population

Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds: do they help prevent cancer?

Diallyl Trisulfide Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression in Inflammed Mucosa of Ulcerative Colitis

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