Factoring in governance is not enough. Mining codes in Africa, policy reform and corporate responsibility

Challenging the Gospel of Neoliberalism? Civil Society Opposition to Mining in Armenia

“…Other reputable sources cite the unemployment rate in Armenia as Armenia is not unique; similar policies have been introduced in other developing countries (Dougherty, 2011, Kuecker, 2007, Padel and Das, 2010, Campbell, 2003. What is different is that the adoption of such policies in Armenia is not only about embracing a growth-oriented model of development, but for demonstrating a commitment to reforming and 'steadfastly' moving beyond the country's socialist past (World Bank, 2014a).…”

Four decades of support for artisanal and small-scale mining in sub-Saharan Africa: A critical review

“…The rapid expansion of industrial mining has long been viewed by the World Bank as a catalyst for resurrecting the deteriorated but resource-rich economies of sub-Saharan Africa. In countries such as Ghana, Tanzania, and Burkina Faso, a series of generous tax breaks were implemented, embodied within revised legislation, in an attempt to lure foreign investors (Campbell, 2003).…”

Local content and participation in Ghana's oil and gas industry: Can enterprise development make a difference?

“…In sub-Saharan Africa, the orthodox view of the resource curse has been critiqued for having an ahistorical, uncritical and reductionist approach to natural resource development (Campbell, 2003;McNeish and Logan, 2012;Rosser, 2006;Watts, 2004). The blame placed on poor institutions in developing countries (Sala-i-Martin and Subramanian, 2003) is rather simplistic (Rosser, 2006).…”