“…Researchers found that women reported selective adherence to ART in order to protect themselves and their children (Smith & Waitzman, 1994;Bourne, 2009;Waldron et al, 1996;Mitiku, Abdosh, & Tekelmariam, 2014) and noted that taking medication reminded them of their diseases (Mitiku et al, 2014;Peltzer et al, 2010). Researchers have found that social forces, such as racism, sexism and poverty, not only aggravate perceived stigma when all are present, but especially more where political violence and social inequalities also exist (Sumari-deBoer et al, 2012).…”