Factors Affecting Delayed Gastric Emptying and Long-Term Outcomes of Children With Gastric Emptying

Abstract

Objectives: Our study attempted to identify what factors best predict for delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and whether children respond to treatment. Methods: Children aged between 0 and 18 were included who had a gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) study performed between 2009 and 2018. Baseline clinical details were recorded from clinic visit records regarding symptoms, medication, and past medical history. Results were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis and coefficient analysis. Children were followed up at 2 years to assess their symptoms and medication usage. Results: Two hundred and eighty-five children were included in the study of which 174 demonstrated DGE. All children had symptoms prior to GES, the most common symptom being that of vomiting and reflux symptoms which were present in over 90% of patients; other common symptoms like abdominal pain and nausea were seen commonly in around 30%. A genetic disorder and prior surgery were more common in children with DGE but there was no difference in presenting symptoms between normal and DGE groups. Regression analysis showed prior surgery and particularly prior abdominal surgery predicted for DGE and additionally predicted for those with highly DGE. Improvement in symptoms and reduction in medication usage was seen after 2 years. Conclusions: This study provides one of the largest data sets looking at DGE in children. Prior surgery was found to be a key factor in predicting for highly DGE. Symptoms and medication usage did significantly reduce substantially after 2 years.

RETRACTED: Differential genetic mutations and immune cell infiltration in high‐ and low‐risk STAD: Implications for prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy

“…TTN mutations have been implicated in cardiac diseases but their role in cancer, especially in STAD, opens new avenues for research. 32 Interestingly, frame-shift mutations were predominantly observed in the low-risk group, while missense mutations were more common in the high-risk group. This contrasts with findings in colorectal cancer, where frame-shift mutations in the APC gene are linked to higher malignancy.…”

“…However, the roles of TTN and MUC16 mutations are less explored in STAD. TTN mutations have been implicated in cardiac diseases but their role in cancer, especially in STAD, opens new avenues for research 32 …”

“…TTN mutations have been implicated in cardiac diseases but their role in cancer, especially in STAD, opens new avenues for research. 32 …”