Factors Affecting Iodine Concentration of Milk of Individual Cows

Franke, A.A.; Bruhn, John C.; Osland, R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(83)81894-3

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The change in the I content of milk during lactation that we recorded is similar to that found in dairy cows (Binnerts, 1956;Swanson, 1972;Franke et al, 1983). Bustad et al (1963) and lwarsson et al (1973) have shown that the I of colostrum is 40% higher than the I in the first milk of dairy cows.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Iodine nutrition in ewes : effects of low to high iodine intake on iodine content of biological fluids in pregnant and lactating ewes

Aumont¹,

Lamand²,

Tressol³

1989

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary ― In a first experiment, 2 groups of 46 and 47 multiparous ewes received diets which provided an iodine intake of 0.36 and 0.26 mg/kg dry matter (group C) and, 2.01 and 1.94 mg/kg (group D), respectively, for pregnancy and lactation. In a second experiment, 3 groups of 10 nulliparous ewes received diets which provided an I intake of 0.13 and 0.12 mg/kg dry matter (group A), 0.22 and 0.20 mg/kg dry matter (group B), and 10.77 and 8.88 mg/kg dry matter (group E), respectively, for pregnancy and lactation. Observations and sampling were carried out on the ewes from the first third of pregnancy to the 2nd and the 6th week of lactation.The diets provided adequate nutrition for pregnant and lactating ewes. Dietary I content had no effect on the dry matter intake, the size or the weight of the litter and the length of pregnancy.Plasma inorganic iodine (Pit) was less affected by the I intake during lactation than during pregnancy. The excretion of I in milk induced a decrease in Pll between pregnancy and lactation. The I in urine expressed as I1g I/g creatinine was largely affected by the I intake. Colostrum I was 6.7, 4.0, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.5 times higher in groups A, B, C, D and E than the I in milk collected 1 week postpartum. Milk iodine (MI) content and the ratio MI/PII were markedly dependent on the I intake. During pregnancy, plasma T4 concentration decreased for each group. Plasma T4 concentration remained low during lactation in the low I intake group, whereas it increased at the same time in the other groups. The plasma T3 concentration decreased at the 6th week of lactation in the highest I intake group.Experimental values showed that 0.12 mg I/kg dry matter induced depletion in the I stocks of pregnant and lactating ewes, whereas an I intake above 10 mg I/mg dry matter disturbed the metabolism of thyroid hormones.dietary iodine -ewes ― plasma inorganic iodine -milk iodine -thyroxine

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Iodine nutrition in ewes : effects of low to high iodine intake on iodine content of biological fluids in pregnant and lactating ewes

Aumont¹,

Lamand²,

Tressol³

1989

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…In addition to the primary impact of iodine in the feed on the iodine concentration of milk, there are further influencing factors, such as goitrogens in the feed, the cow breed, the iodine species applied, the stage of lactation of the cow, the use of iodized udder disinfecting solutions, the use of iodine-containing drugs, and possibly the milk yield of the cow (Iwarsson, 1973;Hemken, 1979;Papas et al, 1979;Franke et al, 1983;Swanson et al, 1990;Flachowsky et al, 2007). Because of the expected increase in by-product availability from bioenergy manufacture, the use of rapeseed meal (RSM) and rapeseed press cake in animal feed is gaining importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of various iodine supplementation levels and two different iodine species on the iodine content of the milk of cows fed rapeseed meal or distillers dried grains with solubles as the protein source

Franke

Meyer

Wagner

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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Supplementation of animal feed with iodine influences the iodine content of milk and therefore, in addition to salt iodination, provides another possibility for improving the human iodine supply. On the other hand, excessive iodine intake by humans through drinking milk must be avoided. Furthermore, the iodine content of milk varies, depending on the presence of iodine antagonists in feed (e.g., glucosinolates in rapeseed) and the applied iodine species. This study evaluated the impact of various feed iodine supplementation levels up to the permitted maximum level, the effect of applying rapeseed compared with a glucosinolate-free ration, and the impact of 2 different iodine species on the iodine content of milk. A total of 32 dairy cows were divided into 4 groups with 8 animals each. Two groups received distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as the protein source, and the others received rapeseed meal (RSM, 16.5% of total diet). In each case, half the animals received feed supplemented with iodine in the form of potassium iodide, and the other half received feed supplemented with iodine in the form of calcium iodate. Iodine supplementation levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) were tested in consecutive periods of 21 d each. The milk iodine concentration increased with increasing iodine supplementation of the feed. Rapeseed meal in the ration (0.58 mmol of glucosinolates/kg of diet DM) diminished the milk iodine concentration by up to one-half to one-third of the concentration achieved by DDGS. At iodine supplementation levels of 2 mg/kg of DM and higher, the differences were significant. The application of iodate predominantly resulted in higher milk iodine concentrations compared with iodide, but not significantly in any period. At the highest tested iodine supplementation (5 mg/kg of DM), the milk iodine concentration increased up to 1,464 (iodide) and 1,578 microg/kg (iodate) when feeding DDGS and up to 718 (iodide) and 620 microg/kg (iodate) in the RSM groups. The carry over of iodine from feed into milk amounted to 30 to 56% when using DDGS, and 11 to 25% when using RSM. The maximum level of iodine currently allowed in the feed of dairy cows in Europe could lead to high milk iodine concentrations. As a result, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level in human nutrition could be exceeded. Therefore, this maximum level needs to be reevaluated. In addition to iodine supplementation, the application of RSM in the ration must be considered when estimating the iodine content of milk.

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“…Prior research is mixed if stage of lactation impacts milk iodine. Previously, milk iodide increased with the stage of lactation and a negative correlation existed between milk iodide concentration and total milk yield (Iwarsson ; Franke and others ). Another study demonstrated no milk iodine decrease later in lactation (Scherer‐Herr, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Iodide Residues in Milk Vary between Iodine‐Based Teat Disinfectants

French¹,

Mukai

Zurakowski

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Science

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Majority of iodine found in dairy milk comes from the diet and teat disinfection products used during milking process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4 iodine-based teat dips on milk iodide concentrations varying in iodine level (0.25% vs. 0.5%, w/w), normal low viscosity dip versus barrier dip, and application method (dip vs. spray) to ensure safe iodine levels in dairy milk when these products are used. The iodine exposure study was performed during a 2-wk period. The trial farm was purged of all iodine-based disinfection products for 21 d during a prestudy "washout period," which resulted in baseline milk iodide range of 145 to 182 ppb. During the experiment, iodine-based teat dips were used as post-milking teat disinfectants and compared to a non-iodine control disinfectant. Milk iodide residue levels for each treatment was evaluated from composited group samples. Introduction of different iodine-based teat disinfectants increased iodide residue content in milk relative to the control by between 8 and 29 μg/L when averaged across the full trial period. However, residues levels for any treatment remained well below the consumable limit of 500 μg/L. The 0.5% iodine disinfectant increased milk iodide levels by 20 μg/L more compared to the 0.25% iodine. Compared to dip-cup application, spray application significantly increased milk iodide residue by 21 μg/L and utilized approximately 23% more teat dip. This carefully controlled study demonstrated an increase in milk iodide concentrations from iodine disinfectants, but increases were small and within acceptable limits.

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Factors Affecting Iodine Concentration of Milk of Individual Cows

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Iodine nutrition in ewes : effects of low to high iodine intake on iodine content of biological fluids in pregnant and lactating ewes

Iodine nutrition in ewes : effects of low to high iodine intake on iodine content of biological fluids in pregnant and lactating ewes

Influence of various iodine supplementation levels and two different iodine species on the iodine content of the milk of cows fed rapeseed meal or distillers dried grains with solubles as the protein source

Iodide Residues in Milk Vary between Iodine‐Based Teat Disinfectants

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