Factors affecting lysine utilization in growing pigs: an analysis of literature data

Susenbeth, A.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(95)00043-k

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Within the level of metabolizable energy of 3400 kcal, there was a negative linear regression (P <0.05) with increasing levels of TDL studied. The results are consistent with those reported by Verstegen & Jongbloed (2002) stated that there is less nitrogen retention decreased when the crude protein and crystalline amino acids added to the diet.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this case, the best ratio was 2.48 (Mcal metabolizable energy: percentage of true digestible lysine). The surplus of lysine may compromise the use of other amino acids by competing for sites of absorption or protein synthesis (Susenbeth, 1995), thus promoting greater excretion of nitrogen. For other levels of TDL was no difference (P> 0.05) between the metabolizable energy studied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levels of true digestible lisiane and metabolizable energy for growing pigs: effect on nitrogen and energy balance

Chiaradia¹,

Zangerônimo

Fialho

et al. 2009

Ciênc. agrotec.

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An experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Husbandry of Universidade Federal de Lavras aiming to study the nitrogen and energy balance in diets with reduced crude protein rates (CP) and different levels of energy and lysine for growing pigs. 52 castrated pigs (initial weight = 36.13 ± 2.8 kg) of high genetic potential were used, housed individually in metabolism cages (experimental unit). The treatments consisted of 12 diets with three levels of metabolizable energy (ME) (3060, 3230 and 3400 kcal / kg) and four of true digestible lysine (TDL) (0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1, 3%) with 14% CP plus a control diet with 3230 kcal ME / kg, 1.03% TDL and 18% CP. We used a DBC in time 3x4 +1 factorial design with four replications to verify the absorbed nitrogen (AN), N retained (NR), the NR / NA (%),absorbed energy (AE), retained energy (RE) and the ratio RE /AE (%). In relation retained nitrogen / absorbed nitrogen was declining linear regression (P <0.05) when 3400 kcal / kg was used, where the lowest levels (0.7 and 0.9%) of TDL showed the best results. In the study of energy balance, for the variables retained energy and the relationship between energy there was no difference (P> 0.05) between the control treatment and other experimental diets. It is concluded that the levels 3230 kcal / kg and 1.03% of TDL can be used without affecting the utilization of nitrogen by growing pigs in diets with reduced crude protein content.Index terms: Synthetic amino acids, nutrition, metabolism, ideal protein. RESUMOFoi conduzido um experimento no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras com o objetivo de estudar o balanço de nitrogênio e energético em rações contendo reduzido teor de proteína bruta (PB) e diferentes níveis de energia e lisina para suínos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 52 suínos machos castrados (peso inicial = 36,13 ± 2,8 kg) de alto potencial genético, alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo (unidade experimental). Os tratamentos consistiram em 12 dietas formuladas com três níveis de energia metabolizável (EM) (3060, 3230 e 3400 kcal/kg) e quatro de lisina digestível verdadeira (LISD) (0,7; 0,9; 1,1 e 1,3%) com 14% PB mais um tratamento controle, com 3230 kcal EM/kg, 1,03% LISD e 18% PB. Utilizouse um DBC no tempo em fatorial 3x4+1, com quatro repetições, para verificar o N absorvido (NA), N retido (NR), a relação NR/ NA (%), energia absorvida (EA), energia retida (ER) e a relação ER/EA (%). Na relação nitrogênio retido /nitrogênio absorvido houve regressão linear decrescente (P<0,05) quando 3400 kcal/kg foi utilizado, onde os menores níveis (0,7 e 0,9%) de LISD apresentaram os melhores resultados. No estudo do balanço energético, para a variáveis energia retida e a relação entre energia não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre o tratamento controle e as demais dietas experimentais. Conclui-se que os níveis 3230 kcal EM/kg e 1,03% de LISD podem ser utilizados sem afetar o aproveitamento do nitrogênio pelos suínos em crescimento, em rações com reduzido teor de proteína bruta.T...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of true digestible lisiane and metabolizable energy for growing pigs: effect on nitrogen and energy balance

Chiaradia¹,

Zangerônimo

Fialho

et al. 2009

Ciênc. agrotec.

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“…Estimates of the efficiency with which a limiting amino acid can be retained are variable between studies and between amino acids. For Lys, assumed marginal efficiency values range from 55% (Susenbeth, 1995;NRC, 1998) to 85% (de Lange, 1995. The lack of a clear linear response in our study makes it difficult to estimate the maintenance requirement and the marginal efficiency for Val.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

Gloaguen

Floc'H

Brossard

et al. 2011

Animal

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The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) are considered to be among the next-limiting amino acids for growth in piglets. In earlier studies, we estimated the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val : Lys (lysine) requirement to be at least 70%, whereas the Ile : Lys requirement may be as low as 50%. Because the BCAA partially share a common route of catabolism, the supply of one BCAA may affect the availability of the other BCAA. Four experiments were conducted to determine the response of 6-week-old piglets to the Val supply in relation to the other BCAA. A deficient supply of Val or Ile typically results in a reduction in average daily feed intake (ADFI). Experiment 1 was designed to determine the effect of a limiting Val supply, independent of the effect on feed intake. In a dose-response study using restrictively fed piglets, nitrogen retention did not increase for an SID Val : Lys supply greater than 64%. In the remaining experiments, piglets were offered feed ad libitum using ADFI, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio as response criteria. The interaction between the Val and leucine (Leu) was studied in Experiment 2 in a 2 3 2 factorial design (60% and 70% SID Val : Lys, and 111% and 165% SID Leu : Lys). Performance was considerably lower in piglets receiving 60% Val : Lys compared with those receiving 70% Val : Lys and was lowest in piglets receiving the diet with low Val and high Leu content. To further evaluate the interaction between Val and Leu, a dose-response study was carried out in which the response to Val supply was studied in combination with high Leu supply (165% Leu : Lys). Using a curvilinear-plateau model, the average SID Val : Lys requirement was 72%. However, low Val supply (60% SID Val : Lys) reduced performance by 13% to 38%, which was much greater than what we observed in earlier studies. Experiment 4 was carried out to test the hypothesis that the Val requirement is not affected by low Ile supply (50% SID Ile : Lys). Performance was not improved for Val : Lys supplies greater than 65%, which may indicate that Ile (and not Lys) was second-limiting in this study. In conclusion, the first response of piglets to deficient Val supply appears to be a reduction in ADFI, rather than a reduction in ADG or nitrogen retention. A large supply of Leu may not affect the Val requirement per se, but may aggravate the consequences of Val deficiency.

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“…[5] and [6] are based on a considerable number of individual measurements of N balance from slaughter trials, they are our preferred estimations. Linearity of response in protein deposition to crude protein-or digestible protein intake when energy supply is not limiting at a wide range of BW has been widely recognized (Campbell et al, 1984(Campbell et al, , 1985Susenbeth, 1995;Dourmad et al, 1996;Mohn et al, 2000). Based on the analysis of the experimental results of 22 publications, Susenbeth (1995) concluded that "protein retention is determined solely by lysine intake, when it is the limiting factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the composition of gain and growth of primal cuts of Iberian pigs of 10 to 150 kg body weight as affected by the level of feeding and dietary protein concentration

Nieto

Lara

Barea

et al. 2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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A meta-analysis was made of data from a total of 211 growing-finishing Iberian (IB) pigs from four separate and independent sets of trials. Within each set of trials, a factorial arrangement of treatments was used, involving several concentrations of ideal protein in the diets and two or three levels of feed intake. Pigs were slaughtered at several stages of growth from 10 to 150 kg body weight (BW). The partition of dietary protein in the body of the pigs, the empty-body gain (EBG), the chemical composition of EBG, growth of primal cuts in the cold eviscerated carcass (without head, feet, and tail), and mass of dissected tissues in trimmed shoulder and ham were determined. Linear regression equations allowed estimating N requirements for maintenance as 175 mg/(kg BW 0.75 · kg dry-matter intake) · d -1 and an average value for the net efficiency of utilization of the dietary protein apparently absorbed of 0.386. In pigs offered adequate protein to energy diets, EBG was predicted as a function of average BW and feeding level (p < 0.001). Multiple regression equations were constructed, which derived nutrient (g kg -1 ) or energy (MJ kg -1 ) composition of EBG as a function of empty-body weight (EBW), dietary protein to energy ratio, and level of feeding (p < 0.001). These predictive equations, not applicable to pigs of lean and conventional genotypes, can contribute to the design of optimal feeding strategies to improve the efficiency of IB pig production systems and to achieve high quality standards in end products for the market.Additional key words: energy intake; feed restriction; protein-to-energy ratio; Iberian barrows. * Corresponding author: jose.aguilera@eez.csic.es Received: 18-03-14. Accepted: 13-10-14.Abbreviations used: AA (amino acid); ADG (average daily gain); ApDN (apparent digestible nitrogen); ApDP:ME (apparent digestible protein-to-metabolizable energy ratio); BW (body weight); CC (cold eviscerated carcass); CP (crude protein); DM (dry matter); EBG (empty-body gain); EBW (empty-body weight); FL (feeding level); GE (gross energy); IB (Iberian); k f (partial efficiency of ME utilization for fat deposition); k p (partial efficiency of ME utilization for protein deposition); ME (metabolizable energy); ME m (ME requirements for maintenance); NI (N intake); N m (N requirements for maintenance); NR (N retention); PD (protein deposition); PD max (maximum potential for PD); ΔPD/ΔME (marginal efficiency for PD); RSD (residual standard deviation).

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Factors affecting lysine utilization in growing pigs: an analysis of literature data

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

Levels of true digestible lisiane and metabolizable energy for growing pigs: effect on nitrogen and energy balance

Levels of true digestible lisiane and metabolizable energy for growing pigs: effect on nitrogen and energy balance

Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

An analysis of the composition of gain and growth of primal cuts of Iberian pigs of 10 to 150 kg body weight as affected by the level of feeding and dietary protein concentration

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