Factors Affecting Neurocognitive Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Purpose In children, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been known to affect neurocognitive function which can impair the quality of life. This study aims to determine the factors and treatment modalities which might affect neurocognitive function in pediatric population with CKD. Patients and Methods A systematic review was done using 3 electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and carried out based on PRISMA guidelines. Our review included articles published in the last 10 years (2011–2021) in English, on children aged 0–18 years with CKD. Factors affecting the children’s neurocognitive function were assessed. Results Eight articles were included in this study. Three articles reported that parent’s education, especially maternal education affect the neurocognitive function of children with CKD. In relation with modalities, in general, children with CKD who had kidney transplant had a better neurocognitive outcome. A longer duration of hemodialysis (HD) was associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes. Other factors that can affect the neurocognitive function included depression, a history of abnormal births, seizures, and hypertension. Conclusion In children, CKD might cause neurocognitive function disorders through various complex and interconnected mechanisms. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism and prevention of neurocognitive disorders, as well as the best choice of therapeutic modality to improve both kidney function and neurocognitive function in children with CKD.

Effect of Executive Function on Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Thus, it is possible that those with lower stage of CKD are having a better neurocognitive function, including IQ, since they might have not yet experienced anemia and proteinuria and the duration of CKD is shorter. 9 From the above data, we can see that the higher the CKD stage, the lower the HRQoL in all of the domains. This shows that in patients with CKD, the stage of the disease influences HRQoL from both the parents' and children's perspectives.…”