Factors affecting pedestrian conspicuity at night: Analysis based on driver eye tracking

Babić, Dario; Fiolić, Mario; Ferko, Marija

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105257

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Therefore, the negative correlation between the “Daylight” predictor and the “Distance between crash location and land use centroid” indicates shorter distances between pedestrian-involved crash locations and the associated land use centroid during daylight hours. On a par with this statement, pedestrian-involved crashes that occur near particular commercial land use types were more likely to occur during daylight operation hours since the distance between pedestrian-involved crashes and these land use types would be greater at night ( 50 ). These crashes that occurred around commercial land use during daylight were not severe because of the negative coefficients shown in Table 8.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Spatial Correlations Between Land Use and Pedestrian Injury Severity in Crashes Occurring Away From Intersections in Northwest Florida

Koloushani

Karaer

Özgüven

et al. 2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Roadway crashes are an increasing concern worldwide, and pedestrians are among the most vulnerable road users because of several special characteristics, including their fragility. While focusing on pedestrian-involved crashes that occurred far away from intersections, a more systematic investigation is needed to determine whether there is a relationship between the severity of these crashes and the land use types surrounding the crash locations. To investigate this issue, a network-based logistic regression model was employed to assess the impact of the distance between pedestrian-involved crash locations and the centroid of an associated land use of various types. In addition, a set of logistic models was developed to assess the effect of traffic- and environment-related factors, such as daylight and the average annual daily traffic (AADT), on the severity of crashes occurring around each land use. Several types of land use appeared to be influential in predicting pedestrian-involved crash severity. The probability of a severe pedestrian-involved crash increased around commercial land use types including retail stores or night clubs whereas it decreased around university campuses. Moreover, among the crash attributes, daylight contributed to the severity of pedestrian-involved crashes regardless of the surrounding land use type while average traffic was found to be a statistically significant factor for the crashes that occurred particularly around parking lots and office buildings. Pedestrian-involved crashes mostly occurred in the vicinity of office buildings during daylight hours, and the pedestrians were less likely to be severely injured. The findings provided valuable insight into the measurements concerning pedestrian safety with respect to various types of land use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Spatial Correlations Between Land Use and Pedestrian Injury Severity in Crashes Occurring Away From Intersections in Northwest Florida

Koloushani

Karaer

Özgüven

et al. 2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…This pattern highlights the importance of improving the pedestrian conspicuity. Babić et al [64] found that drivers showed more active eye movements after noticing pedestrians in reflective vests than they did after noticing pedestrians in non-reflective clothing. Other than reflective clothes and markings, some studies [65,66] have examined elements of clothing (electroluminescent panels) that may be useful supplements since they are visible even when a pedestrian is not illuminated by approaching headlamps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric and Non-Parametric Analyses for Pedestrian Crash Severity Prediction in Great Britain

et al. 2022

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The study aims to investigate the factors that are associated with fatal and severe vehicle–pedestrian crashes in Great Britain by developing four parametric models and five non-parametric tools to predict the crash severity. Even though the models have already been applied to model the pedestrian injury severity, a comparative analysis to assess the predictive power of such modeling techniques is limited. Hence, this study contributes to the road safety literature by comparing the models by their capabilities of identifying the significant explanatory variables, and by their performances in terms of the F-measure, the G-mean, and the area under curve. The analyses were carried out using data that refer to the vehicle–pedestrian crashes that occurred in the period of 2016–2018. The parametric models confirm their advantages in offering easy-to-interpret outputs and understandable relations between the dependent and independent variables, whereas the non-parametric tools exhibited higher classification accuracies, identified more explanatory variables, and provided insights into the interdependencies among the factors. The study results suggest that the combined use of parametric and non-parametric methods may effectively overcome the limits of each group of methods, with satisfactory prediction accuracies and the interpretation of the factors contributing to fatal and serious crashes. In the conclusion, several engineering, social, and management pedestrian safety countermeasures are recommended.

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“…Some examples can be found in [5][6][7][8][9]. In this area, in which there is an irrefutable link to pedestrians, this groups' mobility safety has also been put in the focus of the analysis [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-Tracking Calibration to Control a Cobot

Faura-Pujol¹,

Faundez-Zanuy²,

Moral-Viñals³

et al. 2023

IJCMEM

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The present study pursues to determine the optimal operation range of a specific screenbased eye-tracker, the Tobii X2-30, regarding the variation of precision and accuracy in measures. Furthermore, a connection setup to operate a collaborative robot (cobot) Omron TM5-700 by means of this eye-tracker will be presented. The possibility to operate a collaborative robot by gaze can be used as a third arm, which allows human beings to do more sophisticated activities, as well as making the manipulation of dangerous or perilous substance easier and safer. When developing new technological tools, we have mainly two options. The first one consists on a specifically designed hardware. While in this option, the engineer has full control over the device and can fit it to the specific requirements; in general, it will be a time consuming and expensive development. A second drawback is the limited possibility of researchers from other countries to construct an exactly equal device and replicate the experiments. The second option consists on adopting an existing commercial hardware, which probably has not been designed for the specific application in mind. The main advantage is the easy adaptation of this solution by other researchers, who only need to purchase the same commercial device and follow the recommendations. However, the main drawback of this approach is that the developers must test the device and check that it can be used for the new application. The goal of this paper is to test a commercial device and provide usability recommendations for a new application such is the movement of a robotic arm using eye-tracking. This paper includes the results from three experiments, which assess the final conclusion on the best performance positioning of the user regarding the Tobii X2-30 eye-tracker, in x, y, and z coordinates. When it comes to its implementation with the cobot, the outcome of a practical demo and experimental setup is also presented. This last one consists of accuracy measurements, where the control of the position of the cobot is defined by means of gaze, which defines a set of points in (x,y) plane. Later on, the robot picks up an ink-pen and draws a graph in a piece of paper. This drawing involves connecting these pre-defined dots by straights lines. To this end, a set of figures (parallelogram, pentagon, etc.) have been acquired and compared with the desired printed images on the PC screen.

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Factors affecting pedestrian conspicuity at night: Analysis based on driver eye tracking

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Investigating Spatial Correlations Between Land Use and Pedestrian Injury Severity in Crashes Occurring Away From Intersections in Northwest Florida

Investigating Spatial Correlations Between Land Use and Pedestrian Injury Severity in Crashes Occurring Away From Intersections in Northwest Florida

Parametric and Non-Parametric Analyses for Pedestrian Crash Severity Prediction in Great Britain

Eye-Tracking Calibration to Control a Cobot

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