Factors Affecting Sand Specimen Preparation by Raining

Drnevich, VP; Rad, NS; Tumay, Mehmet T.

doi:10.1520/gtj10136j

Cited by 122 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…where e max and e min are the maximum and minimum void ratios associated with the minimum (␥ min ) and maximum unit weight (␥ max ) of STK sand, respectively (AS1289.5.5.1 (Standards Australia 1998); ASTM D4254 (ASTM 2016)). Amongst the soil deposition methods described in the literature, the air (or dry) pluviation technique is commonly employed in studies involving the preparation of large calibration chamber specimens (Vaid and Negussey 1984;Rad and Tumay 1987) and is suitable for preparing sand beds at a wide range of densities. The density of the sand bed deposited in the chamber depends on both the falling pattern and impact (kinetic) energy of sand grains, which, in turn, can be controlled by adjusting the deposition intensity (defined as the mass of sand dropped per unit area of the pourer over unit time), the drop height, and the travelling speed of the sand pourer.…”

Section: Sand Bed Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a prototype for modelling soil–pipe interaction and its application for predicting uplift resistance to buried pipe movements in sand

2018

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This paper presents a testing rig for measuring the reactions on rigid pipes buried in sand during episodes of relative displacement. Following a detailed presentation of the 1g prototype, the test preparation procedure, and the characterization of the test sand’s shear strength and dilation potential under the low confining stresses pertinent to the problem, the paper focuses on the workflow devised to obtain accurate measurements of friction and arching effects, and accordingly normalize them to account for scale (stress level) effects. Emphasis is put on demonstrating the effectiveness of the sand deposition method for accurately controlling the density of the sample, and on quantitatively assessing its uniformity. Measurements obtained during a series of uplift tests, including reaction force – pipe displacement curves and images of the developing failure surface, facilitated by particle image velocimetry and close-range photogrammetry techniques, are compared against published data and analytical methods. The results lead to the development of a new simplified formula for calculating the uplift resistance to buried pipe movements in sand: capable of accounting for scale effects, yet simple enough to be used for the analysis of pipes in practice.

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Section: Sand Bed Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a prototype for modelling soil–pipe interaction and its application for predicting uplift resistance to buried pipe movements in sand

2018

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“…The columns were packed by dry pluviation using a sand rainer (Rad and Tumay, 1987;Lagioia et al, 2006). This ensured a homogeneous porous medium throughout.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on retardation of a heavy NAPL vapor in partially saturated porous media

Kleinknecht

Class

Braun

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Non-aqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants introduced into the unsaturated zone spread as a liquid phase; however, they can also vaporize and migrate in a gaseous state. Vapor plumes migrate easily and thus pose a potential threat to underlying aquifers. Large-scale column experiments were performed to quantify partitioning processes responsible for the retardation of carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) vapor in partially saturated porous media. The results were compared with a theoretical approach taking into account the partitioning into the aqueous phase as well as adsorption to the solid matrix and to the air-water interface. The experiments were conducted in large, vertical columns (i.d. of 0.109 m) of 2 m length packed with different porous media. A slug of CS 2 vapor and the conservative tracer argon was injected at the bottom of the column followed by a nitrogen chase. Different seepage velocities were applied to characterize the transport and to evaluate their impact on retardation. Concentrations of CS 2 and argon were measured at the top outlet of the column using two gas chromatographs. The temporal-moment analysis for step input was employed to evaluate concentration breakthrough curves and to quantify dispersion and retardation. The experiments conducted showed a pronounced retardation of CS 2 in moist porous media which increased with water saturation. The comparison with an analytical solution helped to identify the relative contributions of partitioning processes to retardation. Thus, the experiments demonstrated that migrating CS 2 vapor is retarded as a result of partitioning processes. Moreover, CS 2 dissolved in the bulk water is amenable to biodegradation. The first evidence of CS 2 decay by biodegradation was found in the experiments. The findings contribute to the understanding of vapor-plume transport in the unsaturated zone and provide valuable experimental data for the transfer to field-like conditions.

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“…The columns were packed by dry pluviation using a sand rainer. The design of the rainer was adopted from Rad and Tumay (1987) with modifications according to Lagioia et al (2006). The columns consisting of two column sections were filled section after section, each with an overfill of around 30 cm.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on retardation of a heavy NAPL vapor in partially saturated porous media

Kleinknecht¹,

Class²,

Braun³

2016

Preprint

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Abstract. NAPL contaminants introduced into the unsaturated zone spread as a liquid phase; however, they can also vaporize and migrate in a gaseous state. Heavy vapors preferentially migrate downward due to their greater density and, thus, pose a potential threat to underlying aquifers. Large-scale column experiments were performed to quantify partitioning processes responsible for the retardation of carbon disulfide (CS2) vapor in partially saturated porous media. The results were compared with a theoretical approach taking into account the partitioning into the aqueous phase. The experiments were conducted in large, vertical columns (i.d. = 0.109 m) of 2 m length packed with different porous media. A slug of CS2 vapor and the conservative tracer argon was injected at the bottom of the column followed by a nitrogen chase. Different seepage velocities were applied to characterize the transport and to evaluate their impact on retardation. Concentrations of CS2 and argon were measured at the top outlet of the column using two gas chromatographs. The temporal-moment analysis for step input was employed to evaluate concentration breakthrough curves and to quantify diffusion/dispersion and retardation. The experiments conducted showed a pronounced retardation of CS2 in moist porous media as a function of porous medium and water saturation. An increase in the retardation coefficient with increasing water saturation was observed. Thus, the novel vapor-retardation experiments demonstrated that migrating CS2 vapor is retarded as a result of partitioning into the aqueous phase. Moreover, CS2 which is dissolved in the pore water is amenable to biodegradation. First evidence of CS2 decay by biodegradation was found in the experiments. The findings contribute to the understanding of vapor plume transport in the unsaturated zone and provides valuable experimental data for the transfer to field like conditions.

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Factors Affecting Sand Specimen Preparation by Raining

Cited by 122 publications

References 7 publications

Development of a prototype for modelling soil–pipe interaction and its application for predicting uplift resistance to buried pipe movements in sand

Development of a prototype for modelling soil–pipe interaction and its application for predicting uplift resistance to buried pipe movements in sand

Experimental study on retardation of a heavy NAPL vapor in partially saturated porous media

Experimental study on retardation of a heavy NAPL vapor in partially saturated porous media

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