Factors affecting the views and attitudes of Scottish pharmacists to continuing professional development

Power, Ailsa; Grammatiki, Aikaterini; Bates, Ian; Kellar, Susan Mc; Johnson, B. Julienne; Diack, Lesley; Stewart, Derek; Hudson, Steve

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7174.2011.00135.x

Cited by 22 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…ADAPT participation findings regarding constraints and supports are consistent with other studies illustrating associations with positive and negative attitudes of pharmacists toward continuing professional development in general [29]. Studies of online faculty development programmes have similarly identified factors affecting participation including perceived need or usefulness of the content, technical challenges and assistance, clear expectations and time to complete activities; however, definitions of participation and mechanisms for measurement varied [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Participation in online continuing education

Farrell

Ward

Jennings

et al. 2015

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study determined extent of learner participation in an online pharmacist continuing education programme and identified factors influencing participation. Interactions between learners and the online interface, content and with other learners are important considerations for designing online education programmes. Recommendations for programme changes were incorporated following this evaluation to facilitate participation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Participation in online continuing education

Farrell

Ward

Jennings

et al. 2015

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Follow up data on reasons for the low interest levels was not available, however, this may not be unrelated to evidence from studies in other countries that indicate that lack of knowledge about MCPD, poor access to the internet, time constraints and high monetary cost contribute to low uptake [46, 47]. Our finding is similar to that from studies in Scotland and USA that also show that there is a general lack of motivation and low level of knowledge of pharmacists on the benefits of continuing development programmes [48, 49]. Increased sensitization and timely provision of MCPD related information may increase uptake in Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

An analysis of pharmacy workforce capacity in Nigeria

Ekpenyong

Udoh

Kpokiri

et al. 2018

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPharmacists are critical for attaining the goal of universal health coverage and equitable access to essential health services, particularly in relation to access to medicines and medicines expertise. We describe an analysis of the pharmacy workforce in Nigeria from 2011 to 2016 in order to gain insight on capacity and to inform pharmacy workforce planning and policy development in the country.MethodThe study was conducted using census data obtained from the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) via a validated data collection tool. The statistical methods used for analysis were descriptive (frequencies, percentages, mean) and linear regression. Secondary data on population distribution per state was obtained from the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the National Population Commission (NPC) of Nigeria.ResultThe data showed 21,892 registered pharmacists with only 59% (n = 12,807) in active professional practice. There are also more male (62%) compared to female pharmacists while 42% of the licensed workforce with known area of practice are in community practice followed by hospital pharmacy (11%). A rise in number of pharmacists (0.53–0.66) and new pharmacy graduates per year (0.062–0.083) per 10,000 population was observed over the five years analysed; however the overall density remains significantly low. Pharmacists’ density also varied considerably between states (Median = 0.39; Min - Max: 0.05–4.3). Regionally, more than a third (~ 40%) of the licensed workforce and community pharmacies are situated in the South West region with fewer than 10% of the total in the North East and North West regions combined. A steady decline in number of pharmacists requesting a “letter of good standing” from PCN, a proxy measure of intent to migrate was also observed.ConclusionThe data indicate ongoing deficits in availability and supply of pharmacists in the country with widespread variance in distribution observed across the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The findings suggest that observed deficits are not solely related to out-migration and highlights the need for policies that will promote increased within-country availability, equitable distribution and retention, especially in the underserved regions of North East and North West of Nigeria.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40545-018-0147-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Having confidence in the format and process of learning will increase participation, as well as having support in the workplace. Power et al (2011) [48] noted that hospital pharmacists are more confident in the process than community pharmacists. It is also important to recognize that a range of learning formats should be used and topics need to be targeted to those individuals motivated to learn [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research by Schindel et al (2012) shows that pharmacists value face-to-face training [49]. With a variety of face-to-face methods available, it is vital to give participants choice, ensuring information is presented in a way that is tailored to their learning style [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Models Used and Preferences for Continuing Education and Continuing Professional Development of Pharmacists

Micallef

Kayyali

2019

Pharmacy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Continuing Education (CE) or Continuing Professional Development (CPD) are used by pharmacists globally to maintain up-to-date knowledge and skills throughout their careers. The primary aim of this study was to identify the formats or models used by pharmacists for CE and CPD globally. The secondary aim was to identify preferences of pharmacists, in relation to the variety of formats or models used to fulfil mandatory requirements, in order to support future planning of lifelong learning events. A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science covering a time period from 1995 until March 2018. Searches were conducted in English, with studies on undergraduate studies being excluded. Eighteen papers from an initial search of 4561 were included from 2004 to 2014. All studies focused on pharmacists. Three studies identified face-to-face learning as a preference, with six studies identifying a positive impact of interactive learning. All four identified studies focusing on online provision were linked to CE. One study highlighted the benefits of blended learning. Two studies identified concluded that no one size fits all. A clear structure of event was highlighted in three studies. Three studies highlighted the relevance of topics to practice, and two studies showed the need for opportunities to apply knowledge. Due to the variety of formats and no consistent model, no perfect model or activity has been identified. However, CPD showed increased practice outcomes versus CE. Although an increasing amount of technology is being utilized, face-to-face learning is still preferred. Interactive, multiple-format learning should be used where possible, to reflect preferences of different learners. There is a need for a structured approach to the planning and learning event itself to support CE and CPD.

show abstract

Factors affecting the views and attitudes of Scottish pharmacists to continuing professional development

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Participation in online continuing education

Participation in online continuing education

An analysis of pharmacy workforce capacity in Nigeria

A Systematic Review of Models Used and Preferences for Continuing Education and Continuing Professional Development of Pharmacists

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About