Factors Affecting Thiocarbamate Injury to Corn I. Temperature and Soil Moisture

Abstract

Corn (Zea maysL.) was grown in EPTC-(S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and butylate-(S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) treated soil at 33 and 15% moisture in growth chambers at 30 and 20 C. EPTC (6 and 18 ppm) and butylate (19 and 50 ppm) reduced corn growth more at 30 than at 20 C. The days before emergence of the corn coleoptile were the most critical time for thiocarbamate injury. When plants were grown at 30 C before emergence more injury occurred at 33% soil moisture than at 15% except with butylate at 19 ppm. At 20 C, however, plants grew as tall or taller at 33% soil moisture than at 15% except for butylate at 19 ppm. Addition of R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) to EPTC and butylate increased by about 10 times the amount of herbicide required to injure corn. With R-25788 the toxicity of these two herbicides was not influenced greatly by either temperature or soil moisture.

Characterization of rice cultivar response to florpyrauxifen-benzyl

“…Environmental conditions surrounding the time of application can influence injury following a herbicide application. In a growth chamber experiment, corn (Zea mays L.) growth was reduced following treatment with thiocarbamate herbicides at a higher temperature regime (Burt and Akinsorotan 1976). Plant growth was slowed following herbicide treatment, regardless of herbicide rate or soil moisture, at 30 C compared with 20 C. Conversely, in a different study by Wright and Rieck (1974), dry weights from various corn hybrids were reduced following an application of butylate when the temperature was 20 C compared with 33 C. Both experiments demonstrate that environmental conditions can influence crop response to a herbicide.…”

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Tolerance to Triallate Applied Spring Preplant-Incorporated

“…Soil temperature influences herbicide availability in soil and various plant metabolic processes such as transpiration, membrane permeability, and water uptake (6,13,14). Crop injury from various herbicides in creased at high compared to low soil temperature (3,9,13). Injury may be due to increased herbicide uptake during increased plant metabolic activity at high com-…”

“…Carbamothioate herbicide activity increases with soil moisture content (2,3). Com (Zea mays L.) injury from EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate) (3) and wild oat control from diallate (2) increased as soil moisture content increased.…”

Factors in Alachlor and Metolachlor Injury to Corn (Zea mays) Seedlings

“…Environmental conditions such as soil moisture, soil and air temperatures, and soil pH were identified as influencing crop response to soil-applied herbi cides including the chloroacetamides 3 (2,5,6,15,16). Bohn 3 observed greater corn injury when ala chlor and metolachlor were applied preemergence at 24/16 C day /night air temperatures compared to 27/21 C day/night air temperatures.…”