Factors affecting transmission of fungal pathogens of aphids

Paecilomyces niveus Stolk & Samson, 1971 (Ascomycota: Thermoascaceae) as a pathogen of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley, 1841) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Brazil

“…The genus Paecilomyces is a mitosporic fungus that has a wide natural distribution and several entomopathogenic species (Alves, 1998;Steinkraus, 2006;Zimmermann, 2008;Sun and Liu, 2008). Although this entomopathogen infects several pests (Alves, 1998), this is the first record of its attack on N. ribisnigri.…”

“…However, N. ribisnigri is resistant to some insecticides (Martin et al, 1996;Rufingier et al, 1997;Barber et al, 1999;Dedryver et al, 2010). One alternative to the use of insecticides to reduce the occurrence of this pest is integrated pest management involving the application of entomopathogenic fungi (Dorschner et al, 1991;Zaki, 1998;Steinkraus, 2006;Asman, 2007;Díaz et al, 2010;Scorsetti et al, 2010Scorsetti et al, , 2012Skinner et al, 2012). Fungal pathogens are the most important pathogens of aphids and epizootics are frequently observed that often rapidly reduce aphid populations (Steinkraus, 2006).…”

“…One alternative to the use of insecticides to reduce the occurrence of this pest is integrated pest management involving the application of entomopathogenic fungi (Dorschner et al, 1991;Zaki, 1998;Steinkraus, 2006;Asman, 2007;Díaz et al, 2010;Scorsetti et al, 2010Scorsetti et al, , 2012Skinner et al, 2012). Fungal pathogens are the most important pathogens of aphids and epizootics are frequently observed that often rapidly reduce aphid populations (Steinkraus, 2006). Chemical insecticides and biological control by entomopathogenic fungi may be used alternatingly or simultaneously, if compatibility or synergism between them is identified (Anhalt et al, 2010).…”

Winter prevalence of obligate aphid pathogen Pandora neoaphidis mycosis in the host Myzus persicae populations in southern China: modeling description and biocontrol implication

“…Light regime probably contributes to death of mycosed hosts occurring in late afternoon for mycosis diffusion on humid nights (12), and ultraviolet radiation otherwise shortens fungal survival duration (6). Besides, host-related factors such as host density and other biotic factors including fungal infection level and actions of contaminated predators affect mycosis transmission, due to the efficiency of transmission dependent on contact probability of infectious conidia and healthy hosts (18,20).…”

Field Level Auto-inoculation of Sorghum chafer, <I>Pachnoda interrupta</I> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaedae) with <I>Metarhizium anisopliae</I> based Microbial Bio-control Agents using Locally Affordable Traps

“…Auto-dissemination devices facilitate inoculation of insects with entomopathogens horizontally (within a generation) among con-specifics in the environment and vertically (between generations) within a species, between species and from a local scale on a single plant to a landscape after they have been attracted to contaminated chambers (Vega et al, 2007, Jason et al, 2010. Transmission which determines the rate of dissemination and potential of the pathogen (Steinkraus, 2006) can occur through direct contact between contaminated and uncontaminated individuals or indirectly via conidia that have been deposited on the substrate (Quesada-Moraga et al, 2008).…”