Factors Affecting Water Quality and Surface Sediment at the Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang during the East Asian Monsoon

Abstract

Port plays an important role in provisioning commodity needs for the society in a region. Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang (PTES) is the major port on the north coast of Java Island and serves as a port for liquid and solid goods, passengers, and fuel. This descriptive research applied a random sampling technique whose samples were taken from the port basin and control station. The research was carried out at ten stations at both high and low tides during the East Asian Monsoon. This research was aimed: a) to test the correlation of physical-chemical parameters at both high and low tide using Pearson correlation, b) to test the correlation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) in seawater and sediment at both high and low tide, c) to perform cluster analysis on the stations at both high and low tide, d) to determine port waters Index of Pollution (IP), e) to identify factors that affect the port water pollution using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The findings showed that in waters, Pb was found as the most dominant pollutant at both high and low tides (Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn). In sediment, Zn was the most dominant of all (Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd). Igeo value indicated that the contamination level in the sediment was moderate. Heavy metals accumulate differently at high and low tides, at low tide heavy metals accumulate on the outside toward the port, while at high tide they accumulate at the mouth of the Kali Baru River. This is caused by differences in the flow of tidal or ebb currents. All research stations were classified as having heavy pollution. Both control stations (Siangker and BKT estuaries) showed differences with stations inside the port, including physico-chemical variables, namely: a) TSS, phosphate, nitrate during high tide conditions; b) pH, DO, TDS, turbidity, TSS at low tide.

Literatur Review: Pencemaran Logam Berat di Pelabuhan Indonesia

“…Ke-49 penelitian tersebut terdiri dari 9 jenis logam berat. Jenis logam berat yang diteliti adalah Argon (Ar) (Delly et al, 2021), Besi (Fe) (Amin et al, 2009;Fiskanita et al, 2015;Ika et al, 2012;Nindyapuspa & Ni'am, 2018;Nurhidayati et al, 2021;Suprihatin et al, 2022;Supriyantini & Endrawati, 2015), Chadmium (Cd) (Ahmad, 2010;Amin et al, 2009;Aminah, 2016;Anggraini & Puryanti, 2019;Anindita, 2002;Armid et al, 2017;Asih et al, 2022;Balwa et al, 2016;Damaianto & Masduqi, 2014;Delly et al, 2021;Hamuna & Tanjung, 2021;Indirawati, 2017;Komarawidjaja et al, 2017;Komari et al, 2013;Natsir et al, 2019;Noor, 2008;Nur & Karneli, 2015;Nurhidayati et al, 2021;Ruspita & Aulia, 2022;Setiawan & Subiandono, 2015;Sijabat et al, 2014;Usman et al, 2015;Wibisono et al, 2022), Kromium (Cr) (Armid et al, 2017;Delly et al, 2021;Nindyapuspa & Ni'am, 2018;Nuraini et al, 2017), Merkuri (Hg) (Damaianto & Masduqi, 2014;Delly et al, 2021;…”

“…Pengembangan bioremediasi juga dapat di aplikasikan sebagai upaya penanggulangan serta mengurangi pencemaran logam berat. Nisak et al (2013) (Agustriani et al, 2017;Ahmad, 2010;Amin et al, 2009;Anggraini & Puryanti, 2019;Anindita, 2002;Anisyah et al, 2016;Armid et al, 2017;Asih et al, 2022;Astuti et al, 2016;Delly et al, 2021;Fahruddin & Santosa, 2020;Fiskanita et al, 2015;Grace et al, 2011;Hamuna & Tanjung, 2021;Husna, 2022;Ika et al, 2012;Indirawati, 2017;Ismaturrami et al, 2022;Karneli, 2010;Komarawidjaja et al, 2017;Muninggar et al, 2017;Natsir et al, 2019;Nurhidayati et al, 2021;Pratama et al, 2019;Rahardja, 2021;Ramlia & Djalla, 2018;Rizkiana et al, 2017;Ruspita & Aulia, 2022;Setiawan & Subiandono, 2015;Siringoringo et al, 2022;Subarkah et al, 2021;Suprihatin et al, 2022;Taguge et al, 2014;Tilaar, 2014;Usman et al, 2015;Usman et al, 2013;Wibisono et al, 2022;Wulandari et al, 2013) 2 Ar 0,025 0,002 Dibawah standar ...…”

“…Dibawah standar baku mutu -diatas standar baku mutu (Ahmad, 2010;Amin et al, 2009;Aminah, 2016;Anggraini & Puryanti, 2019;Anindita, 2002;Asih et al, 2022;Delly et al, 2021;Hamuna & Tanjung, 2021;Komarawidjaja et al, 2017;Nurhidayati et al, 2021;Setiawan & Subiandono, 2015;Siringoringo et al, 2022;Wibisono et al, 2022) 4 Fe 0,3 0,01 -0,546 Dibawah standar baku mutu -diatas standar baku mutu (Amin et al, 2009;Fiskanita et al, 2015;Ika et al, 2012;Nindyapuspa & Ni'am, 2018;Nurhidayati et al, 2021;Suprihatin et al, 2022;Supriyantini & Endrawati, 2015) 5 Cd 0,01 0,0006 -2,457…”

“…Dibawah standar baku mutu -diatas standar baku mutu (Ahmad, 2010;Amin et al, 2009;Anindita, 2002;Asih et al, 2022;Damaianto & Masduqi, 2014;Delly et al, 2021;Hamuna & Tanjung, 2021;Komarawidjaja et al, 2017;Komari et al, 2013;Subarkah et al, 2021;Tilaar, 2014;Wibisono et Dibawah standar baku mutu (Damaianto & Masduqi, 2014;Delly et al, 2021;Hamuna & Tanjung, 2021;Komarawidjaja et al, 2017;Siringoringo et al, 2022;Tilaar, 2014) 9 Cr 0,05 0,003-0,136 Dibawah standar baku mutu -diatas standar baku mutu (Armid et al, 2017;Delly et al, 2021;Nindyapuspa & Ni'am, 2018;Nuraini et al, 2017) KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN Kesimpulan berdasarkan studi literatur, diindikasikan bahwa penelitian pencemaran logam berat di pelabuhan Indonesia masih terbatas, dimana hanya terdapat 42 pelabuhan yang sudah pernah dilakukan kajian logam berat. Dari 42 pelabuhan tersebut ditemukan sebanyak sembilan logam berat yang telah diteliti, dimana penelitian logam berat di pelabuhan Indonesia ini didominasi oleh logam berat timbal (Pb) (37%).…”

“…2021;Husna, 2022;Ika et al, 2012;Indirawati, 2017;Ismaturrami et al, 2022;Karneli, 2010;Komarawidjaja et al, 2017;Muninggar et al, 2017;Natsir et al, 2019;Nurhidayati et al, 2021;Pratama et al, 2019;Rahardja, 2021;Ramlia & Djalla, 2018;Rizkiana et al, 2017;Ruspita & Aulia, 2022;Setiawan & Subiandono, 2015;Siringoringo et al, 2022;Subarkah et al, 2021;Suprihatin et al, 2022;Taguge et al, 2014;Tilaar, 2014;Usman et al, 2015;Usman et al, 2013;Wibisono et al, 2022;Wulandari et al, 2013) (Tabel 2). Logam berat Timbal (Pb) mempunyai persentase tertinggi yang diteliti (37%), dan yang terendah adalah logam berat Argon (Ar) (1%) (Gambar 2, Tabel 1).…”