Factors affecting whether environmental migration is temporary or permanent: Evidence from Bangladesh

Joarder, Mohammad Abdul Munim; Miller, Paul W.

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.07.026

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Members of some poorer households migrate after an environmental event and can indeed cope with its immediate effects, while others experience significant barriers to migration that exist irrespective of environmental hazards. Overall, there does not seem to be a clear link between temporary migration after a disaster and an increase in permanent migration (Gray & Mueller, 2012;Joarder & Miller, 2013).…”

Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 91%

Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Etzold

Ahmed

Hassan³

et al. 2013

Climate and Development

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This article presents empirical evidence on changing rainfall patterns in Kurigram district in northern Bangladesh, on the local people's perception of these changes, and on their decision to migrate, or not, in order to cope with rainfall variability and food insecurity. Our study was conducted as one of eight case studies within the 'Where the Rain Falls' Project. Taking on a social vulnerability perspective, we show that migration from the region is not driven by climatic changes, but rather by the existing livelihood and labour migration systems. First, there is a distinct seasonality and thus rainfall dependency of rural livelihoods, which makes the rural population sensitive to changing rainfall patterns. Second, rainfall variability and food security are closely intertwined. Third, the distinct rhythm in the labour migration system is largely structured by seasonal hunger (Monga) in northern Bangladesh and by the demand for agricultural labourers and informal workers at the respective destinations. Fourth, persisting local patterns of social inequality shape both people's condition of food security and their decision to migrate for work or not. We conclude that, instead of climate change, social inequality and food insecurity as well as structural economic differences are the strongest drivers of migration inside Bangladesh.

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Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 91%

Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Etzold

Ahmed

Hassan³

et al. 2013

Climate and Development

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“…In addition to broadening the scope of sorting literature, this article also addresses a gap in the examination of migration decisions as adjustment options in the aftermath of natural disasters. (22,(31)(32)(33) Previous studies capture heterogeneous responses to disaster impacts but may not account for communitylevel mitigation. Community resilience and potential savings from the reduced flood insurance premiums due to community-level flood mitigation might influence individuals' relocation decisions.…”

Section: Flood Hazards Mitigation and Location Choicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Risk, Flood Mitigation, and Location Choice: Evaluating the National Flood Insurance Program's Community Rating System

Fan

Davlasheridze

2015

Risk Analysis

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Climate change is expected to worsen the negative effects of natural disasters like floods. The negative impacts, however, can be mitigated by individuals' adjustments through migration and relocation behaviors. Previous literature has identified flood risk as one significant driver in relocation decisions, but no prior study examines the effect of the National Flood Insurance Program's voluntary program-the Community Rating System (CRS)-on residential location choice. This article fills this gap and tests the hypothesis that flood risk and the CRS-creditable flood control activities affect residential location choices. We employ a two-stage sorting model to empirically estimate the effects. In the first stage, individuals' risk perception and preference heterogeneity for the CRS activities are considered, while mean effects of flood risk and the CRS activities are estimated in the second stage. We then estimate heterogeneous marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for the CRS activities by category. Results show that age, ethnicity and race, educational attainment, and prior exposure to risk explain risk perception. We find significant values for the CRS-creditable mitigation activities, which provides empirical evidence for the benefits associated with the program. The marginal WTP for an additional credit point earned for public information activities, including hazard disclosure, is found to be the highest. Results also suggest that water amenities dominate flood risk. Thus, high amenity values may increase exposure to flood risk, and flood mitigation projects should be strategized in coastal regions accordingly.

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“…() and Islam, Sallu, and Hubacek () observe that shrimp farming may increase the vulnerability of poor villagers to future climate change and increasing incidences of flooding and cyclones. In extreme situations, some households may even permanently migrate when they lose assets because of natural hazards (Joarder & Miller, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While capable households can take to shrimp farming or enterprise, the most vulnerable households are forced to take to rural labour supply and migration. A recent study on environmental migration in Bangladesh found that among all types of households, farmers and fishermen were more likely to migrate permanently (Joarder & Miller, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Impact of Salinity Stress on Livelihood Choices and Incomes in Rural Bangladesh

Anik

Ranjan

Ranganathan

2018

J of Intl Development

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This paper explores the impact of salinity on livelihood choices of rural households in south‐western Bangladesh. We find interdependence among households' decisions involving various livelihood choices. High salinity reduces a household's probability of entrepreneurship while those households that stick only to agriculture suffer significant crop losses because of salinity. Households also face a trade‐off between subsistence and entrepreneurial activities, that is, participation in one type of activity reduces the probability of participation in the other. Households with more agricultural land, in fact, benefit from high salinity levels by taking up fisheries related activities, whereas marginal households resort to increasing labour supply. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Factors affecting whether environmental migration is temporary or permanent: Evidence from Bangladesh

Cited by 58 publications

References 28 publications

Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Flood Risk, Flood Mitigation, and Location Choice: Evaluating the National Flood Insurance Program's Community Rating System

Estimating the Impact of Salinity Stress on Livelihood Choices and Incomes in Rural Bangladesh

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