Factors Associated with Development in Children Under Five

Abstract

Background:The first five years of a child's life are critical for development. The experiences children have in these years help shape the adults they will become. Parent relationship with their children plays a big part in the way children learn and develop. This study aimed to examine factors associated with development in children under five years of age. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at 20 posyandus (integrated health posts), Ngemplak, Boyolali, Central Java, from May 5 to June 10, 2018. A total sample of 203 children under five years of age was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were maternal age at pregnancy, prolonged labor, birthweight, birth asphyxia, and family income. Data on child development were measured by pre-screening questionnaire. The other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multilevel logistic regressionrun on Stata 13. Results: Child development was positively affected by maternal age at pregnancy (b= 0.33; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.64; p= 0.032) and absence of birth asphyxia (b= 0.60; 95% CI= 0.16 to 1.05; p= 0.007), birthweight (b= 0.01; 95% CI= -0.01 to 0.01; p= 0.111), and family income (b= 0.27; 95% CI= -0.04 to 0.58; p= 0.087). Children development was negatively affected by prolonged labor (b= -0.30; 95% CI= -0.57 to -0.03; p= 0.029). Posyandu had a strong contextual effect on child development with ICC= 16.16%. Conclusion:Child development is positively affected by maternal age at pregnancy and absence of birth asphyxia, birthweight, and family income. Children development is negatively affected by prolonged labor. Posyandu has a strong contextual effect on child development.

Postpartum external factors associated with the development of Todler wasting in Indonesia

“…The quality and quantity of the diet that applies in a family is related to the size of the family and the size of the family income (40). This aligns with Amir's research that a relationship exists between family income and toddler development (26). Other researchers also found a relationship between family income and the growth and development of toddlers.…”

Edukasi Deteksi Dini Penyimpangan Perkembangan Anak pada Ibu PKK RT 01 RW 05 Desa Dibal, Ngemplak, Boyolali

“…Perkembangan balita merupakan fondasi utama produktivitas sepanjang hidup seseorang, sebagai contoh balita yang mengalami gangguan kognitif merupakan prediktor prestasi belajar rendah sehingga nantinya berpeluang berpenghasilan rendah, kesuburan tinggi, dan kesulitan untuk menyediakan perawatan yang memadai bagi anak-anak mereka (Amir et al, 2019). Lima tahun pertama kehidupan merupakan masa yang sangat penting, berlangsung cepat, dan tidak akan pernah terulang lagi, karenanya sering disebut sebagai masa keemasan.…”