Factors Associated with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: Review of Current Literature

Samura, Tirah; Steer, Jonathan; Michelis, L. Daniela; Carroll, Lisa; Holland, Erica; Perkins, Rebecca B.

doi:10.7453/gahmj.2015.094

Cited by 77 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Consistent with other research findings, our results suggest several maternal characteristics, including maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, and income were associated with an increased risk for both inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain (Cohen et al, 2016; Samura et al, 2016). Associations between sociodemographic factors and GWG are complex, and further studies are needed to explore the multifaceted relationships between these factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intimate Partner Violence and Gestational Weight Gain in a Population-Based Sample of Perinatal Women

Alhusen¹,

Geller²,

Dreisbach³

et al. 2017

Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing

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Objective To examine the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) at varied time points in the perinatal period on inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain. Design Retrospective cohort using population-based secondary data. Setting Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and birth certificate data, including New York City and 35 states. Participants Data were obtained for 251,342 U.S. mothers who gave birth from 2004–2011 and completed the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey 2–9 months after birth. Methods The exposure was perinatal IPV, defined as experiencing physical abuse by a current or ex-partner in the year before or during pregnancy. Adequacy of gestational weight gain (GWG) was categorized using 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Weighted descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were used. Results Approximately 6% of participants reported perinatal IPV, 2.7% of participants reported IPV in the year before pregnancy, 1.1% reported IPV during pregnancy only, and the remaining 2.5% reported IPV before and during pregnancy. Inadequate GWG was more prevalent among participants who experienced IPV during pregnancy and those who experienced IPV before and during pregnancy (23.3% and 23.5%, respectively) than in participants who reported no IPV (20.2%; P < 0.001). Participants who experienced IPV before pregnancy only were significantly more likely to have excessive GWG (P < 0.001). Results were attenuated in the multivariate modeling; only participants who experienced IPV before pregnancy had weakly significant odds of excessive GWG (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.26). Conclusions The association between perinatal IPV with inadequate GWG was explained by confounding variables; however, women who reported perinatal IPV had higher rates of GWG outside of the optimal range. Future studies are needed to determine how relevant confounding variables may affect a woman’s gestational weight gain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intimate Partner Violence and Gestational Weight Gain in a Population-Based Sample of Perinatal Women

Alhusen¹,

Geller²,

Dreisbach³

et al. 2017

Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing

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“…On the other side, 3 phylum and 9 genera including Alistipes and Lactobacillus were significantly correlated with GA. This demonstrated more than gestational age, multiple factors such as microbiota and so on, impacted gestational weight gain during pregnancy (42). Furthermore, the results in this study showed that birth weight of neonates, gestational age and gestational weight gain of mothers were significantly higher in the NDM group, compared to the GDM group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

The Initial Oral Microbiota of Neonates Among Subjects With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Xiao

et al. 2019

Front. Pediatr.

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The objective was to investigate the potential effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on the initial neonatal oral microbiome community structure. Methods: Oral samples were collected from 20 full-term, vaginally delivered newborns with sterile swabs. Nine of them had mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM group), while 11 had non-diabetic mothers (NDM group). The oral microbiota was analyzed using multi-barcode 16S rRNA sequencing on Illumina MiSeq system. Results: The results showed that the birth weight, gestational age and gestational weight gain were significantly higher in NDM group. There was a significant correlation between gestational age and birth weight. Neonatal oral microbiome was composed of five dominant phyla from Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes. Compared to NDM group, a higher alpha diversity and reduction of phylum Firmicutes were observed in GDM group. Genus Lactobacillus dominated in NDM group, while Alistipes, Streptococcus, and Faecalibacterium were overabundant in GDM group. Additionally, carbohydrate metabolism increased in NDM group, whereas amino acid metabolism, vitamin metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were more abundant in GDM group. Conclusions: This study showed a distinct oral microbiota profile in neonates born to mothers with GDM, which indicated that maternal diabetes status played an important role in neonatal initial oral microbiota.

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“…Finally, focus on obesity and pregnancy has increased during the last years [33] but women who start their pregnancy as non-obese (as many of the women in this study) have been of lesser concern [27] which could explain why weight concern from midwives seemed low even when women expressed worries about their excessive or rapid weight gain in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's Perceived Reasons for Their Excessive Postpartum Weight Retention: A Qualitative Interview Study

et al. 2016

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IntroductionObesity in Sweden has doubled to 14% over the last 20 years. New strategies for treatment and prevention are needed. Excessive gestational weight gain has been found to contribute substantially to obesity, and there is a consistent association between postpartum weight retention and obesity later in life. We aimed to explore what factors women perceive as reasons for having substantial postpartum weight retention, to identify areas for new and improved interventions.MethodsQualitative interview study (semi-structured) using an emergent design. Fifteen women, with a postpartum weight retention ≥ 10 kg, were interviewed by a trained cognitive therapist. Eight women had pre-pregnancy BMI below 30 kg/m2. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data analysed using inductive manifest content analysis. Salient text passages were extracted, shortened, coded and clustered into categories.ResultsParticipants reported no knowledge of current gestational weight gain recommendations or of risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes with excessive weight gain or postpartum weight retention. Excessive eating emerged as a common strategy to provide relief of psychological, emotional and physical discomfort, such as depression and morning sickness. Women perceived medical staff as being unconcerned about weight, and postpartum weight loss support was scarce or absent. Some women reported eating more due to a belief that breastfeeding would automatically lead to weight loss.ConclusionThere is a need to raise awareness about risks with unhealthy gestational weight development and postpartum weight retention in women of childbearing age. The common strategy to cope with psychological, emotional or physical discomfort by eating is an important factor to target with intervention. The postpartum year is a neglected period where additional follow-up on weight and weight loss support is strongly indicated.

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Factors Associated with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: Review of Current Literature

Cited by 77 publications

References 48 publications

Intimate Partner Violence and Gestational Weight Gain in a Population-Based Sample of Perinatal Women

Intimate Partner Violence and Gestational Weight Gain in a Population-Based Sample of Perinatal Women

The Initial Oral Microbiota of Neonates Among Subjects With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Women's Perceived Reasons for Their Excessive Postpartum Weight Retention: A Qualitative Interview Study

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