Factors associated with immunoprophylaxis failure against vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus

Song, Yun-Mi; Sung, Joohon; Yang, Soon-Ha; Choe, Yon Ho; Chang, Yun Sil; Park, Won Soon

doi:10.1007/s00431-006-0327-5

Cited by 105 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In newborns of mothers with HBV DNA viral loads less than 10 8 IU/mL, no HBV perinatal transmission was reported. The conclusion from this study is that HBeAg positivity and high maternal HBV DNA viral load correlate with perinatal transmission, a finding that has been replicated in a number of other studies [39,42,56] .…”

Section: Causes Of Immunoprophylaxis Failuresupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Known risk factors predisposing to intrauterine infection include maternal HBeAg positivity, detectable HBV DNA, specific allelic mutations in maternal HBV, a history of threatened preterm labour, and acute hep atitis B acquired in pregnancy, particularly during the last trimester [29,30,[39][40][41]. HBeAg-negative mothers with a high viral load (HBV DNA load > 10⁸ IU/mL) are at great risk of transmitting the virus in utero to their infants [42].…”

Section: Perinatal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: Specific Issues and Considerations

Ho¹,

Ho²

2012

J Antivir Antiretrovir

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Section: Causes Of Immunoprophylaxis Failuresupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Perinatal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: Specific Issues and Considerations

Ho¹,

Ho²

2012

J Antivir Antiretrovir

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“…Little is known about the mechanism of postnatal immunoprophylaxis failure. In retrospective research on neonates, the failure of postnatal immunoprophylaxis was significantly associated with maternal HBV DNA loads (16). Since most of the immunization escape occurred in children of HBeAg-positive mothers, exposure to E-antigen in the uterus during early pregnancy might allow it to act as a tolerogen, causing vaccine failure (11,12,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Hepatitis B Virus Prenatal Transmission Result in Postnatal Immunoprophylaxis Failure?

Zhu¹,

Mao²,

Wei-ling³

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The objective of this work was to evaluate whether postnatal hepatitis B immunization failure in children is caused by prenatal infections. A prospective study was conducted from October 2006 to September 2008. Fetal samples from HBsAg-positive mothers were retrieved by either amniocentesis or cordocentesis (percutaneous umbilical blood sampling [PUBS]). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) serologic markers (HBVM) and quantitative HBV DNA assays were performed to assess prenatal infection. All neonates were given combined HBV immunoprophylaxis after delivery. The newborns were followed up with HBV serologic testing at 1 year old. For the 252 pregnant women recruited, 16 fetuses were found to be HBV DNA positive, with all HBV DNA levels under 10 4 copies/ml. HBsAg and HBV DNA detected in the uterus were uncommon and were expressed at low levels. In contract to the case with prenatal statuses, neonatal serologies were more similar to their mothers'. The response rate of vaccination was 95%. Six children for whom immunoprophylaxis failed were born to HBeAgpositive mothers with high HBV DNA levels (>10 8 copies/ml), but only one of them was found to be positive for intrauterine HBV DNA (8.5 ؋ 10 2 copies/ml). The presence of intrauterine hepatitis B antigen and DNA does not indicate postnatal HBV infection and vaccination failure.

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“…In addition, the levels of HBV DNA in carrier mothers are associated with vertical HBV transmission. Song et al [55] evaluated the failure of HBV immunoprophylaxis in 144 children who received HBIG and the HBV vaccine, and who were born to HBsAg-positive mothers with detectable HBV DNA. Among the 144 participants, 17 (11.8%) experienced immunoprophylaxis failure.…”

Section: Immunoprophylaxis Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Vaccination on Hepatitis B Viral Infections in Korea over a 25-Year Period

2010

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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination has effectively reduced the acute and chronic infection rates in recent years. Since 1983, HBV vaccination has been recommended for all neonates in Korea. Methods: This article reviews the impacts of HBV vaccination throughout the past 25 years in Korea. Before the introduction of the HBV vaccination program, approximately 8% of the general Korean population tested positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). Results: The percentage of vaccinated infants has surpassed 98.9% since 1990. The HBsAg carrier rate in the general population decreased to 3.7% in 2007. In particular, the prevalence of HBsAg decreased to 0.44% in teenagers and to 0.2% in children younger than 10 years. In addition, administration of the HBV vaccine may have reduced the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among adults. Despite the administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and the HBV vaccine to children with HBsAg-positive mothers, the failure rate of HBV immunoprophylaxis was 4.2% in 2008. In Korea, there have been no reported cases of HBV surface gene variants such as G145R. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV carriers in Korea was markedly reduced after the introduction of the universal HBV vaccination program. Korea is now classified as an area of intermediate endemicity for HBV.

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Factors associated with immunoprophylaxis failure against vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus

Cited by 105 publications

References 19 publications

Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: Specific Issues and Considerations

Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: Specific Issues and Considerations

Does Hepatitis B Virus Prenatal Transmission Result in Postnatal Immunoprophylaxis Failure?

Impacts of Vaccination on Hepatitis B Viral Infections in Korea over a 25-Year Period

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