Factors Associated With Local Tumor Control and Complications After Thermal Ablation of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: A 15-year Retrospective Cohort Study

Long-term outcome for colorectal liver metastases: combining hepatectomy with intraoperative ultrasound guided open microwave ablation versus hepatectomy alone

“…Previous studies have shown that a tumor size less than 3 cm [23,26] and ablation margins greater than 5 mm [22][23][24]31,[33][34][35] yield the best outcomes. Kurilova et al demonstrated the minimal margin of 6-10 mm, especially in patients who have received HAI, can offered 76% of local tumor control and 4% of biliary complications [36]. In the present study, although the margin of ablation was larger than 10 mm, may increase the risk of biliary complications in certain populations [36].…”

“…Kurilova et al demonstrated the minimal margin of 6-10 mm, especially in patients who have received HAI, can offered 76% of local tumor control and 4% of biliary complications [36]. In the present study, although the margin of ablation was larger than 10 mm, may increase the risk of biliary complications in certain populations [36]. There were more patients with >3 cm tumor size in the HT þ MWA group compared with the HT group (42.1% vs. 34.5%).…”

Nomogram including chemotherapy response for prediction of intrahepatic progression-free survival in patients with colorectal liver metastasis through chemotherapy followed by radiofrequency ablation

“…And the relevant reports analyzed the factors affecting oncological outcomes after RFA of CRLM, such as RAS gene, ablation margin and modified clinical risk score (CRS), embryonic origin of the primary lesion, etc. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Moreover, the previous studies also documented the favorable local control and long-term survival benefit for CRLM patients receiving RFA in addition to systemic chemotherapy [26][27][28].…”

The Role of Percutaneous Ablation in the Management of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastatic Disease

“…The identification of tumor Ki67 at the end of ablation is a strong independent predictor of local tumor progression and overall patient survival, with high Ki67 ratios, suggesting that these tumors may possess an ablation resistance mechanism [11,41]. Margins over 10 mm were associated with no local progression, especially in patients with KRAS wild-type disease, whereas in RAS mutant tumors, ablation margins larger than 10 mm are mandatory to achieve local cure and sustained local tumor control [42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

“…Puncture-related complications include intraperitoneal bleeding, pneumothorax, and hemothorax, whilst ablation-related adverse events include bowel perforation; portal vein thrombosis; liver abscess; bile duct injury including, strictures, bilomas, and bile leaks; as well as cholecystitis [35]. Biliary injury is generally very rare, although a relatively higher risk for biliary injury has been recently reported in patients that were previously treated with intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy, preexisting biliary dilatation, and exposure to Avastin, especially when treated with margins over 10 mm [44]. Guidelines for evaluation of the bleeding risk and management of coagulopathy in patients planned for liver thermal ablation are summarized in a joint paper published by Society of Interventional Radiology(SIR), Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) and the Canadian Society of Interventional Radiology [58].…”