Factors associated with vasopressin release in exercising swine

Stebbins, Charles L; Symons, J. David; McKirnan, M. Dan; Hwang, F

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.1.r118

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The baseline level of serum epinephrine in the present experiments was similar in conscious pigs prior to exercise in a study by Stebbins et al [43]. Although variability after CEW exposure was too great for statistical significance, the mean level corresponded to a value between those that occurred in Stebbins et al's [43] study after 80 and 100% maximal workloads.…”

Section: Electrolytes and Hematocritsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Physiological effects of the TASER® C2 conducted energy weapon

Jauchem¹,

Seaman

Klages³

2009

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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In previous studies, exposure to conducted energy weapons (CEWs) (such as TASER International's Advanced TASER X26 device) resulted in leg muscle contraction, acidosis, increased blood electrolytes, and other biochemical and physiological changes. In the current study, experiments were performed to examine the effects of exposures to TASER International's "C2" CEW, which is specifically marketed to civilian rather than law-enforcement users. Ten pigs (Sus scrofa) were sedated with an intramuscular injection of Telezol (tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl) and intubated. General anesthesia was maintained with an IV propofol infusion. Applications of the C2 device for 30 s resulted in extensive muscle contraction and significant increases in heart rate and hematocrit, and in blood levels of pCO2, lactate, glucose, and potassium, sodium, and calcium ions. Significant decreases were observed in blood oxygen saturation, pO2, and pH. Qualitatively, many of these changes were consistent with previous reports in the literature dealing with studies of muscle stimulation or exercise. The changes in blood pCO2, pO2, electrolytes, lactate, and pH, however, were greater than in a previous study of three repeated 5-s exposures to the X26 CEW commonly used by law-enforcement personnel. On the basis of the results, potential detrimental effects due to use of the "citizen-version" TASER C2 CEW may be more likely than limited intermittent applications of the X26 CEW.

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Section: Electrolytes and Hematocritsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Although variability after CEW exposure was too great for statistical significance, the mean level corresponded to a value between those that occurred in Stebbins et al's [43] study after 80 and 100% maximal workloads.…”

Section: Electrolytes and Hematocritmentioning

confidence: 51%

Physiological effects of the TASER® C2 conducted energy weapon

Jauchem¹,

Seaman

Klages³

2009

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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“…Alveolar hypoxia may potentially act by inducing increased in situ expression of vasoconstricting substances in the lung. In this connection, increased levels of catecholamines, vasopressin, angiotensin or ET-1 have been described during exercise [31][32][33]. However, their physiopathological significance in the exerciseinduced pulmonary haemodynamic and gas exchange abnormalities has not as yet been established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial endothelin-1 level in pulmonary emphysema and interstitial lung disease. Relation with pulmonary hypertension during exercise

Yamakami

Taguchi²,

Gabazza³

et al. 1997

Eur Respir J

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Arterial endothelin-1 level in pulmonary emphysema and interstitial lung disease. Relation with pulmonary hypertension during exercise. T. Yamakami, O. Taguchi, E.C. Gabazza, M. Yoshida, T. Kobayashi, H. Kobayashi, H. Yasui, H. Ibata, Y Adachi. ERS Journals Ltd 1997. ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken to assess the arterial plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and their relationship with pulmonary haemodynamic and gas exchange variables during exercise in patients with emphysema and interstitial lung disease (ILD).Incremental cycle ergometry was performed in all patients up to maximal capacity. At rest, arterial ET-1 levels were higher in emphysema (1.86±0.35 pg·mL -1 ; p<0.02) and ILD (1.75±0.25 pg·mL -1 ; p<0.03) patients than in controls (1.35±0.18 pg·mL -1 ). Emphysema (2.08±0.26 versus 1.70±0.40 pg·mL -1 ) and ILD (1.98±0.21 versus 1.67±0.02 pg·mL -1 ) patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) presented significantly (p<0.05) higher arterial ET-1 levels than those without. At rest, arterial ET-1 levels were significantly correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) in both ILD (r=0.8, p=0.01) and emphysema (r=0.5, p=0.03) patients. During exercise, the arterial ET-1 levels were significantly correlated with arterial oxygen (Pa,O 2 ) (r=-0.6, p=0.04), alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (r=0.8, p=0.01), and Ppa (r=0.6, p=0.04) in ILD patients, but not in those with emphysema.In brief, the results of this study suggest that arterial endothelin-1 is markedly increased in interstitial lung disease and emphysema patients, and that, it is related to the exercise-induced exacerbation of pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease, but not in those with emphysema. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 2055-2060. Pulmonary artery hypertension is the major cardiovascular complication of emphysema and advanced interstitial lung disease (ILD) [1]. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is important, not only because it is associated with right ventricular hypertrophy (or cor pulmonale) but also because it adversely affects prognosis in these patients [2]. The mechanisms responsible for PH include thrombotic obstruction of pulmonary blood vessels, reduced distensibility of the pulmonary vascular bed, pulmonary vascular obstruction produced by medial hypertrophy or intimal proliferation, and pulmonary vasoconstriction elicited by acute or chronic alveolar hypoxia [3,4]. Of these, hypoxic vasoconstriction has been considered one of the major factors involved in the pathogenesis of sustained PH or in the development of acute exacerbation of PH in patients with emphysema or advanced ILD [5]. However, the precise mechanism by which hypoxia induces pulmonary vasoconstriction and the structural changes that ensue from chronic hypoxia have not been fully elucidated. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstricting peptide originally isolated from cultured human endothelial cells, may play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of PH during hypoxia [6][7][8]. This assumption is supported by previous findings that showed that the e...

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“…Alveolar hypoxia can cause pulmonary vasoconstriction and is believed to play an important role in the increase in mPAP during exercise (48). Others have shown increased levels of catecholamines, vasopressin, and endothelin 1 during exercise (48)(49)(50). With regard to SSc, the vascular abnormality is dominated by the presence of both arteriolar and venular involvement, a pattern distinct from that of idiopathic PAH (51).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis: Four distinct entities

Saggar

Khanna

Fürst

et al. 2010

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. Exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) may represent an early but clinically relevant phase in the spectrum of pulmonary vascular disease. There are limited data on the prevalence of exerciseinduced PH determined by right heart catheterization in scleroderma spectrum disorders. We undertook this study to describe the hemodynamic response to exercise in a homogeneous population of patients with scleroderma spectrum disorders at risk of developing pulmonary vascular disease. Methods.Patients with normal resting hemodynamics underwent supine lower extremity exercise testing. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to assess combinations of variables collected during resting right heart catheterization that best predicted abnormal exercise physiology, applicable to each individual subject.Results. Fifty-seven patients who had normal resting hemodynamics underwent subsequent exercise right heart catheterization. Four distinct hemodynamic groups were identified during exercise: a normal group, an exercise-induced pulmonary venous hypertension (ePVH) group, an exercise out of proportion PH (eoPH) group, and an exercise-induced PH (ePH) group. The eoPH and ePVH groups had higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) than the ePH group (P < 0.05). The normal and ePH groups had exercise PCWP <18 mm Hg, which was lower than that in the ePVH and eoPH groups (P < 0.05). During submaximal exercise, the transpulmonary gradient and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were elevated in the ePH and eoPH groups as compared with the normal and ePVH groups (P < 0.05). CART analysis suggested that resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >14 mm Hg and PVR >160 dynes/seconds/cm ؊5 were associated with eoPH and ePH (positive predictive value 89% for mPAP 14-20 mm Hg and 100% for mPAP >20 mm Hg).Conclusion. We characterized the exercise hemodynamic response in at-risk patients with scleroderma spectrum disorders who did not have resting PH. Four distinct hemodynamic groups were identified during exercise. These groups may have potentially different prognoses and treatment options.

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Factors associated with vasopressin release in exercising swine

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological effects of the TASER® C2 conducted energy weapon

Physiological effects of the TASER® C2 conducted energy weapon

Arterial endothelin-1 level in pulmonary emphysema and interstitial lung disease. Relation with pulmonary hypertension during exercise

Exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis: Four distinct entities

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