Factors associated with wife beating in Egypt: Analysis of two surveys (1995 and 2005)

Akmatov, Manas K.; Mikolajczyk, Rafael; Labeeb, Shokria; Dhaher, Enas A.; Khan, Mobarak Hossain

doi:10.1186/1472-6874-8-15

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The more the number of children, the more the economic burden on the family, so the rates of violence are expected to increase. This is consistent with the results of many studies done in Erbil [6], Mexico [24], and Egypt [25]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Association of violence against women with religion and culture in Erbil Iraq: a cross-sectional study

Al-Tawil

2012

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundViolence against women by intimate partners is still a public health problem. The study aims at finding out the prevalence of violence among women residing in Erbil city (Muslim culture) and in Ankawa sub-district (Christian culture), finding out the role of religion and culture on the prevalence, and finding out some other factors (like occupation of husband and wife, age at marriage, woman agreement for marriage, illegitimate relations of husband) that might be associated with violence.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in Erbil during the second half of the year 2011. Two groups were considered; group one (G1) included women residing in Ankawa sub-district (representing Christian culture), and group two (G2) included women residing in Erbil city (representing Muslim culture). A convenience method of sampling was used to collect the sample (250 women of each group). Questionnaire was designed to collect information about history of exposure to physical, sexual, and psychological violence, in addition to the related factors. These forms were distributed (by women of the Assyrian Women Union) in sealed envelopes to women attending the Mass in three churches located in Ankawa. Women of Erbil group were recruited from the maternity teaching hospital of Erbil. The same questionnaire was distributed to them by the same team. Binary logistic regression was used to show the independent effect of each factor on the prevalence of violence.ResultsOverall prevalence of violence (physical and/or sexual) in G2 (20.8%) was higher than that of G1 (18.8%). The prevalence of psychological violence was 40% in Erbil, which was significantly higher than the prevalence (24.8%) of Ankawa. The rates of physical and sexual violence were also higher in Erbil (18.4%, and 10.8% respectively) than rates of Ankawa (16.8% and 8% respectively). Factors found to be significantly associated with overall violence were: culture of Erbil, alcoholic husband, wife working as manual worker (compared with professionals), and having children.ConclusionViolence against women is a serious public health issue. There was significant role of culture on the prevalence of violence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Association of violence against women with religion and culture in Erbil Iraq: a cross-sectional study

Al-Tawil

2012

BMC Public Health

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“…We found that large family size, divorce or separation between the couples, low educational attainment of the husbands, husbands' habits such as smoking and drug use, husbands' psychological status and a history of exposure to physical violence during adolescence were the correlates of spousal violence among the participants in our survey. Consistent with the our findings, secondary analysis of the 2005 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey data revealed that partner's education, respondent's education, work status and place of residence were significantly associated with marital violence [16,17]. Studies from all over the world identified several sociodemographic factors that might increase the likelihood of women exposure to intimate partner/spousal abuse [5,16,[18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Prevalence and risk factors for spousal violence among women attending health care centres in Alexandria, Egypt

Hm¹,

Hm²,

If³

et al. 2012

Easter Mediterr Health J

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We conducted a cross-sectional survey to determine the prevalence of, and factors affecting, spousal violence among 3271 ever-married women attending 12 randomly selected family health centres in Alexandria Governorate. More than three-quarters of the participants (77%) reported experiencing spousal violence during their marital life. Emotional violence was the most common type reported (71.0%), followed by physical (50.3%), economic (40.8%) and sexual (37.1%) violence. The study confirms the high prevalence of spousal violence across all socioeconomic strata. Logistic regression analysis indicated large family size, divorce or separation, low educational attainment of husband, smoking habit and drug use in husband, husband's psychological status and history of exposure to physical violence during adolescence were associated with spousal violence. This high rate of spousal violence highlights the urgent need for government and civil society to address the issue, which hinders progress toward Egypt's development goals. RÉSUMÉ Nous avons mené une enquête transversale afin de déterminer la prévalence de la violence conjugale et des facteurs associés chez 3271 femmes ayant déjà été mariées et consultant dans 12 centres de santé familiaux sélectionnés aléatoirement dans le Gouvernorat d'Alexandrie. Plus des trois quarts des participantes (77 %) ont indiqué avoir souffert de violence conjugale au cours de leur vie maritale. La violence psychologique était la plus fréquente (71,0 %), suivie par la violence physique (50,3 %), puis la violence économique (40,8 %) et enfin la violence sexuelle (37,1 %). L'étude confirme la prévalence élevée de la violence conjugale dans toutes les strates socioéconomiques. Une analyse de régression logistique a révélé que la violence conjugale était associée à l'appartenance à une famille nombreuse, à un divorce ou une séparation, à un faible niveau d'études du mari, à des habitudes de tabagisme et de consommation de drogues du mari, à l'état psychologique du mari, et à des antécédents d'exposition à la violence physique pendant l'adolescence. Ce taux élevé de violence conjugale souligne l'urgente nécessité pour le gouvernement et la société civile de s'attaquer au problème, qui freine la progression de l'Égypte vers ses objectifs de développement.

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“…In Kersa, alcohol is rarely consumed, which might be related to religion, as 95.2% of respondents were Muslims. In Egypt a low educational level of the partner was associated with wife beating and the prevalence was reduced when both partners had secondary or higher education [10]. In our study the skewed distribution of educational level, with most women being illiterate (84.3%), did not allow us to study the association between education and ever experience of violence in our study area.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Domestic violence against women in Kersa, Oromia region, eastern Ethiopia

Shanko¹,

Wolday²,

Assefa³

et al. 2013

East Mediterr Health J

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Intimate partner violence is common in rural areas of Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and prevalence of domestic violence among women in Kersa district of Oromia region and identify the types, perpetuators and triggers for violence. A community-based cross-sectional interview-based survey was conducted in 2008 on 858 women of reproductive age. Only 39.7% of women reported that they recognized that violence against women was a problem in their area. Ever experience of violence by an intimate partner was reported by 166 women (19.6%) and 70.3% of the perpetuators were husbands. Ever experience of domestic violence among women was significantly related to Amhara ethnicity and age group 30-49 years. Only 33 (19.9%) women who ever experienced violence had reported it to the legal authorities. Women's reasons for failing to report to the legal system were not wanting to expose the issue and not knowing where to go.

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Factors associated with wife beating in Egypt: Analysis of two surveys (1995 and 2005)

Abstract: Background: Wife beating is an important public health problem in many developing countries. We assessed the rates of wife beating and examined factors associated with wife beating in 1995 and 2005 in Egypt.

Cited by 49 publications

References 29 publications

Association of violence against women with religion and culture in Erbil Iraq: a cross-sectional study

Association of violence against women with religion and culture in Erbil Iraq: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence and risk factors for spousal violence among women attending health care centres in Alexandria, Egypt

Domestic violence against women in Kersa, Oromia region, eastern Ethiopia

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