Factors controlling colonic motility: Colonic pressures and transit after meals in patients with total gastrectomy, pernicious anaemia, or duodenal ulcer

Holdstock, Douglas; Misiewicz, J. J.

doi:10.1136/gut.11.2.100

Cited by 86 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Colonic transit has a major influence on large bowel function, and increased transit times are correlated with reduced fecal bacterial cell mass (42). Due to a lack of physical exercise and long periods of bed rest (1,18,36), intestinal transit times are often increased significantly in hospitalized patients (36), and this may have been a factor affecting population changes in groups P and PAB. Modified diets and eating patterns during hospitalization (37) may have also contributed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Feces from Healthy Elderly Volunteers and Hospitalized Elderly Patients by Using Real-Time PCR and Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Fecal Microbiota

Bartosch

Fite

Macfarlane

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

660

341

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Fecal bacteria were studied in healthy elderly volunteers (age, 63 to 90 years; n ‫؍‬ 35) living in the local community, elderly hospitalized patients (age, 66 to 103; n ‫؍‬ 38), and elderly hospitalized patients receiving antibiotic treatment (age, 65 to 100; n ‫؍‬ 21). Group-and species-specific primer sets targeting 16S rRNA genes were used to quantitate intestinal bacteria by using DNA extracted from feces and real-time PCR. The principal difference between healthy elderly volunteers and both patient cohorts was a marked reduction in the Bacteroides-Prevotella group following hospitalization. Reductions in bifidobacteria, Desulfovibrio spp., Clostridium clostridiiforme, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were also found in the hospitalized patients. However, total 16S rRNA gene copy numbers (per gram of wet weight of feces) were generally lower in the stool samples of the two groups of hospitalized patients compared to the number in the stool samples of elderly volunteers living in the community, so the relative abundance (percentage of the group-and species-specific rRNA gene copies in relation to total bacterial rRNA gene copies) of bifidobacteria, Desulfovibrio spp., C. clostridiiforme, and F. prausnitzii did not change. Antibiotic treatment resulted in further reductions in the numbers of bacteria and their prevalence and, in some patients, complete elimination of certain bacterial communities. Conversely, the numbers of enterobacteria increased in the hospitalized patients who did not receive antibiotics, and due to profound changes in fecal microbiotas during antibiotic treatment, the opportunistic species Enterococcus faecalis proliferated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Feces from Healthy Elderly Volunteers and Hospitalized Elderly Patients by Using Real-Time PCR and Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Fecal Microbiota

Bartosch

Fite

Macfarlane

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

660

341

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the time lapse between ingestion of a marker and its appearance in stools, has been measured using a variety of techniques including the use of coloured glass beads (Alvarez & Freedlander, 1924), radioopaque polythene pellets (Hinton et al, 1969) and radiotelemetering capsule (Holdstock & Misiewicz, 1970). These methods require either the collection of faeces for 5 to 7 days or repeated X-ray of the subject; at best they give a valid measurement only of the mean value for a group of individuals (Cummings et al, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal transit of Oros drug delivery systems in healthy volunteers: a short report.

John¹,

Shotton²,

J³

et al. 1985

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Transit times for oxprenolol and metoprolol Oros drug delivery systems through the gastrointestinal tract have been measured in 35 individuals in six separate studies. A total of 45 systems were recovered in a median time of 27.4 h; individual transit times varied from 5.1 to 58.3 h. The residual amount of drug in recovered systems was inversely related to transit time and corresponded closely with the amount estimated from in vitro dissolution profiles.

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“…Postprandial rises in intestinal myoelectric and motor activity are well documented (Wangel & Deller, 1965;Holdstock & Misiewicz, 1970;Snape et al 1978), and their magnitude dependent on the energy content of the meal (Snape et al 1978;Thompson, 1989). Snape et al (1978) found colonic motor and spike activity to be significantly increased (P < 0.02) in 16 healthy subjects after a lo00 kcal test meal, but not after a 350 kcal meal.…”

Section: Nutrients Stress and Gastrointestinal Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary triggers in irritable bowel syndrome

et al. 1998

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequently occurring, benign functional gastrointestinal disorder with a complex poorly understood pathology which appears to be multifactorial in nature. There is no association with structural or biochemical abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract. Functional variations in myoelectrical activity, visceral hypersensitivity and illness behaviours have all been observed in patients experimentally. In conjunction with environmental, psychological and alimentary factors, these mechanisms have been proposed as the major determinants of symptom genesis. Certainly, dietary factors are frequently perceived by sufferers as powerful symptom triggers, with many reporting multiple food intolerance. Physicians, however, remain divided upon the relevance of food to the disorder, with many eschewing a nutritional connection. This is unsurprising as, despite much experimental work to determine the clinical relevance of food intolerance and allergy to the aetiology of the disorder, the vast range of foodstuffs available for testing, inherent procedural problems with test foods, methodological insufficiencies and the continually evolving knowledge of the disorder, particularly the subgrouping of sufferers, have restricted the scientific validity of current findings. At the present time, it is difficult to make informed judgement upon the importance of food in IBS, and rigorously designed, large scale trials devised in the light of recent knowledge are required before conclusions can be drawn.

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Factors controlling colonic motility: Colonic pressures and transit after meals in patients with total gastrectomy, pernicious anaemia, or duodenal ulcer

Cited by 86 publications

References 45 publications

Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Feces from Healthy Elderly Volunteers and Hospitalized Elderly Patients by Using Real-Time PCR and Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Fecal Microbiota

Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Feces from Healthy Elderly Volunteers and Hospitalized Elderly Patients by Using Real-Time PCR and Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Fecal Microbiota

Gastrointestinal transit of Oros drug delivery systems in healthy volunteers: a short report.

Dietary triggers in irritable bowel syndrome

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