Factors Controlling Leaching of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Petroleum Source Rock Using Nonionic Surfactant

Abstract

The extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from petroleum source rock by nonionic surfactants with the assistance of microwave irradiation was investigated and the conditions for maximum yield were determined. The results showed that the extraction temperatures and type of surfactant have significant effects on extraction yields of PAHs. Factors such as surfactant concentration, irradiation power, sample/solvent ratio and mixing surfactants (i.e., mixture of surfactant at specific ratio) also influence the extraction efficiencies for these compounds. The optimum temperature for microwaveassisted nonionic surfactant extraction of PAHs from petroleum source rock was 120°C and the best suited surfactant was Brij 35. The new method showed extraction efficiencies comparable to those afforded by the Soxhlet extraction method, but a reduction of the extraction times and environmentally friendliness of the new nonionic surfactant extraction system are clear advantages. The results also show that microwave-assisted nonionic surfactant extraction is a good and efficient green analytical preparatory technique for geochemical evaluation of petroleum source rock.

A new approach to sample preparation for the determination of trace metals in petroleum source rocks

“…Optimization of the concentration of nonionic surfactant solution was carried out in our previous study. 29 The results (Fig. 3) which are mean values of replicate analysis AE standard deviation show that there are no signicant differences in the recoveries of the metals using either 0.02 M surfactant solution or 0.04 M surfactant solution.…”

“…20,22 The use of micellar media with the assistance of microwaves has been applied successfully for the extraction of organic compounds from different solid matrices including petroleum source rocks. 16,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In our previous work both aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been successfully extracted from petroleum source rock samples using nonionic surfactants. 28,29 In this study, the digestion and leaching of some trace metals from petroleum source rocks using nonionic surfactants were carried out.…”

“…16,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In our previous work both aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been successfully extracted from petroleum source rock samples using nonionic surfactants. 28,29 In this study, the digestion and leaching of some trace metals from petroleum source rocks using nonionic surfactants were carried out. Factors controlling decomposition of the sample and their effects on the yields of the metals were investigated, in order to gain information that is useful in geochemical exploration for petroleum.…”

Microwave Synthesis, Extraction, Improvement and Degradation in Oil Chemistry

“…Furthermore, the optimal extraction temperature was 90 105 in aliphatic compounds, with extraction efficiencies falling above 120 . Extraction temperature conditions suitable for relevant hydrocarbon compounds have been reported 26 . A key feature of the microwave method described above is that extraction of aliphatic compounds is remarkably more effective than by conventional methods.…”

Extracting organic matter on Mars: A comparison of methods involving subcritical water, surfactant solutions and organic solvents

“…The versatility of surfactant based extraction has been proven in different areas ranging from soil remediation (Chu and Chan, 2003;Villa et al, 2010), waste water analyses (Zou et al, 2012), to petroleum geoscience where constituent organic compounds in petroleum source rock, such as naphthalene and phenanthrene, can be extracted using non-ionic surfactant solutions (Akinlua et al, 2012).…”