Factors controlling the lower limits of fucoid algae on the shore

Schonbeck, Mark W.; Norton, Trevor A.

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(80)90021-0

Cited by 153 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thus, the community organization on the regional scale is not a consequence of niche partitioning due to different resource use traits as in Loreau et al (2003) and Mouquet and Loreau (2003) but a result from differing performance under high (good conditions) vs. low resource availability (bad conditions). This kind of community organization has often been shown in the literature about intertidal ecosystems (Schonbeck andNorton 1980, Keddy 1989). Therefore, our experimental results might provide an alternative perspective how diversity in metacommunities is regulated by the interacting effects of differing stress tolerance, competition, and dispersal.…”

Section: áSmentioning

confidence: 54%

Dispersal decreases diversity in heterogeneous metacommunities by enhancing regional competition

Matthiessen

Mielke

Sommer

2010

Ecology

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Abstract. Experiments and models reveal that moderate dispersal rates between local communities can increase diversity by alleviating local competitive exclusion; in contrast, high dispersal rates can decrease diversity by amplifying regional competition. However, hitherto experimental tests on how dispersal affects diversity in the presence and absence of environmental heterogeneity are largely missing, although it is known that environmental heterogeneity influences diversity. For the first time we experimentally show that the interaction between dispersal rate and the presence of an environmental gradient with onaverage lower resource availability than the homogeneous control treatment affects diversity. In metacommunities of nine co-occurring species of marine benthic microalgae we factorially manipulated dispersal rate and the presence and absence of a light intensity gradient across local patches to test effects on local, regional, and beta diversity and to compare results to predictions from monoculture experiments. Although species in this experiment did not show resource partitioning along the light gradient as assumed by source-sink models, dispersal limitation maintained diversity in metacommunities with light gradients but not without. Local diversity and evenness were high under low light intensities when dispersal was limited and decreased with both increasing light intensities and dispersal rates. These diversity changes can be explained by the reduction of growth of the regional superior competitor at low light intensities alleviating its competitive strength. Increasing dispersal rate in turn compensated for the superior competitor's slow growth in those local patches with rather unfavorable light conditions and thus led to decreasing diversity and evenness. In contrast, diversity in the metacommunities without a light gradient was constantly low. Here, the superior competitor contributed 90% to total community biomass in all patches. High dominance, however, likely resulted from on-average higher resource availability (i.e., higher light intensities) compared to metacommunities with light gradient and not from patch homogeneity in itself.

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Section: áSmentioning

confidence: 54%

Dispersal decreases diversity in heterogeneous metacommunities by enhancing regional competition

Matthiessen

Mielke

Sommer

2010

Ecology

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“…The second component corresponds to developmental stages (germlings, prostrate discs or filaments) that through suspended growth survive stressful conditions for macroscopic thalli. First described for kelps (Burrows 1958, Clendenning 1961, Kain 1966, Smith 1967, Anderson & North 1969, stages with suspended growth have been documented for several species (Chapman & Burrows 1970, Sheader & Moss 1975, Schonbeck & Norton 1980, Richardson 1981, 1982, Hay & Norris 1984, Novaczeck 1984a, b, Lewis et al 1987. The third component consists of recently germinated seaweed propagules with direct development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bank of microscopic forms on disturbed boulders and stones in tide pools

Santelices¹,

Aj²,

Aedo³

et al. 1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Disturbed marine habitats contain banks of microscopic forms that develop into macroscopic vegetation under adequate conditions. This study examined seasonal species turnover, timespace community development and species-area relationships of a n assemblage of microscopic forms, on boulders and stones in 2 tidal pools in central Chile (32" 4 6 ' s ; 71" 33' W). A total of 25 taxa were found in the assemblage, with low species turnover throughout the year. The assemblage contained about twice the number of species present In the water column and about half the number present in the n~acroscopic vegetation. Species present in the macroalgal vegetation and in the water column accounted for 7 0 % of the taxa in the assemblage, the remaining 30% suggested propagule sources outside the study area. Colonization and succession experiments indicated that the banks were formed by ephemeral and perennial species. Most perennials are slow-growing and crustose, of IOIY-colonizing capacity, the bank seemed more important for the survival of these perennial species than for fugitwe forms. Species r~chness in the bank correlated w~t h the surface area of boulders. For areas larger than 40 cm2, species richness was significantly higher on individually sampled stones than on equivalent surfaces subsampled from larger boulders, suggesting that species richness follows predictions of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. The number of species was high, suggesting that disturbance affects the macroscopic expression of diversity rather than the total number of species.

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“…Such differences in the outcomes of coseismic vertical displacement in opposite directions can be explained by the mechanisms underlying the results of transplant experiments in which sessile organisms are moved to locations beyond the upper and lower limits of their zonation. While individuals transported beyond their upper limit often died rapidly, probably due to desiccation or heat stress (Underwood & Denley, 1984;Helmuth et al, 2006), individuals transported beyond their lower limit gradually decreased by predation or competition (Connell, 1961(Connell, , 1972Paine, 1974;Underwood & Denley, 1984) but often grew more vigorously (Schonbeck & Norton, 1980;Hawkins & Hartnoll, 1985;Raffaelli & Hawkins, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%