Factors determining dengue outbreak in Malaysia

Raza, Ahmad; Ismail, Suzilah; Najdah, Wan Mohamad Ali Wan; Omar, Topek; Ibrahim, Mohamad Andri; Lee, Hanlim

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193326

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The circulation of all DENV serotypes has been documented across the country, as well as the presence of unique sylvatic strains (10–12). As with many South East Asian countries, the characterisation and control of transmission in Malaysia is primarily focused on highly populated urban areas (13). The majority of spatial and eco-epidemiological studies to date have therefore focused on peninsular Malaysia, and relatively few studies have explored the factors driving transmission in rural parts of the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and epidemiologic features of dengue in Sabah, Malaysia

Murphy

Rajahram

Jilip

et al. 2019

Preprint

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3435 In South East Asia, dengue epidemics have increased in size and geographical distribution in 36 recent years. Most studies investigating dengue transmission and control have had an urban 37 focus, while less consideration is currently given to rural settings, or where urban and rural 38 areas overlap. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemiological 39 characteristics of reported dengue cases in the predominantly rural state of Sabah, in 40 Malaysian Borneo -an area where sylvatic and urban circulation of pathogens are known to 41 intersect. We found that annual dengue incidence rates were spatially variable over the 7-42 year study period from 2010-2016 (state-wide mean annual incidence of 21 cases/100,000 43 people; range 5-42/100,000), but were highest in rural localities in the western districts of 44 the state (Kuala Penyu, Nabawan, Tenom and Kota Marudu). The eastern districts exhibited 45 lower overall dengue rates; however, we noted a concentration of severe (haemorrhagic) 46 dengue cases (44%) in Sandakan and Tawau districts. Dengue incidence was slightly higher 47 for males than females, and was significantly higher for both genders aged between 10 and 48 29 years (24/100,000; p=0.029). The largest ever recorded outbreaks occurred during 2015-49 2016, with the vector Aedes albopictus found to be most prevalent in both urban and rural 50 households (House Index of 64%), compared with Ae. Aegypti (15%). These findings suggest 51 that dengue outbreaks in Sabah are driven by the sporadic expansion of dengue virus in both 52 urban and rural settings. This may require tailoring of preventative strategies to suit 53 different transmission ecologies across Sabah. Further studies to better understand the 54 drivers of dengue in Sabah may aid dengue control efforts in Malaysia, and more broadly in 55 South East Asia.3 56 Author summary 57 58 In order to combat the rising regional incidence of dengue in South East Asia, the drivers of 59 transmission must be better characterised across different environmental settings. We 60 conducted the first retrospective analysis of dengue epidemiology in the predominantly rural 61 state of Sabah, Malaysia, where both urban and sylvatic transmission cycles exist. Human 62 notification data over a 7-year period were reviewed and spatiotemporal and demographic 63 risk factors identified. We found: 64 1. Urban habitats and population density are not the only determinants mediating the 65 spread of epidemic dengue in Sabah. Case from both urban and rural localities 66 contributed equally to dengue outbreaks. 67 2. Human demographic risk factors included being aged between 10 and 29 years, and 68 being male. 69 3. High incidence areas for dengue do not predict the occurrence of severe dengue. Severe 70 dengue was largely localised to lower incidence districts in the east of the state. 71 4. The sole presence of Aedes albopictus in and around the majority of urban and rural 72 case households suggests that this vector may play a major role in facilitating outbr...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and epidemiologic features of dengue in Sabah, Malaysia

Murphy

Rajahram

Jilip

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…However, the results were not sensitive enough to detect any small changes in the transmission [48]. Ahmad et al [49] agreed that high frequency of vector population control based on entomological indices results in a significant relationship between epidemiological and entomological parameters. It is crucial to expect high number of dengue cases in area with high density of Aedes sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale field assessment of efficacy of the autodissemination approach against Aedes sp. in an urban area

Ngesom¹,

Othman

Bahauddin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of an autodissemination approach, as suggested by WHO. Therefore, the efficacy of an autodissemination approach in small-scale field trials against wild Aedes sp. population was evaluated in an urbanized setting, Malaysia. Lethal ovitraps enhanced with pyriproxyfen were used to control Aedes sp. populations at treatment sites, with the autodissemination activity was assessed using the WHO larval bioassays. Lethal ovitraps enhanced with pyriproxyfen effectively reduced of Aedes sp. population. All autodissemination stations were shown to be visited by Aedes sp. mosquitoes with 100% complete inhibition against eggs and larvae development. In the larvae bioassay, pupae mortality ranged from 14 to 40%. Statistically, a significant reduction of Aedes sp. population in the treatment sites compared to the untreated areas. The study proved for the autodissemination of pyriproxyfen to breeding habitats by wild Aedes sp. This technique is highly potentially for vector control activities. Future evaluation should focus on large-scale field trials.Author SummarySince 2012, Dataran Automobil, Seksyen 15, Shah Alam, was declared as one of the dengue hotspot areas. Major vector control activities were conducted by government, NGOs, social communities, and local authorities, but the number still rising. We conducted a new invention of autodissemination concepts in this area by an entomological study on mosquito populations reduction and dispersal abilities of the technique. We found that the technique has proven to control mosquito populations, but the other factors such as epidemiology link still unclear and need further clarification. Our finding highlighted the effectiveness of autodissemination strategies that can be considered as one of the alternative tools in vector control programme.

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“…Dengue and related uveitis have been reported from Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Taiwan, India, Mexico, and Brazil [102][103][104][105][106][107]. In Malaysia, a total of 101,357 dengue cases and 237 deaths were reported in 2016 [108]. Frequent outbreaks are also reported from Taiwan.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Dengue Fever and Recent Outbreaks In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious uveitis: an Asian perspective

Agarwal

Aggarwal

Gupta

2018

Eye

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Several intraocular infections can present with protean manifestations posing major diagnostic and management challenges. Infections such as tuberculosis, dengue and chikungunya fever have continued to remain major endemic diseases that are associated with uveitis in the Asia Pacific region. These entities often require a high index of clinical suspicion and laboratory analysis including assays of ocular fluids and/or tissues for confirmation of the diagnosis. Infectious uveitis caused by tuberculosis, dengue and chikungunya can present with characteristic clinical features and imaging findings on ancillary investigations; that may provide clue to the early diagnosis. Use of modern imaging modalities such as enhanceddepth imaging optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography and ultra-wide field fundus photography greatly aid in the evaluation of these conditions. In the current review, we have discussed the epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, imaging characteristics, diagnosis and management of uveitis caused by tuberculosis, dengue and chikungunya.

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Factors determining dengue outbreak in Malaysia

Cited by 70 publications

References 28 publications

Spatial and epidemiologic features of dengue in Sabah, Malaysia

Spatial and epidemiologic features of dengue in Sabah, Malaysia

Small-scale field assessment of efficacy of the autodissemination approach against Aedes sp. in an urban area

Infectious uveitis: an Asian perspective

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