Factors in Free Fasciocutaneous Flap Complications

Abstract

The implications of these findings can be used to contain cost and minimize poor outcomes within the health care system.

Risk factors for pedicled flap necrosis in hand soft tissue reconstruction: a multivariate logistic regression analysis

“…The transfer distance of the skin flaps was large, and flap sizes may have been much larger than the angiosomes perfused by a perforating artery. Furthermore, our result is consistent with that of Reece et al , who found that soft tissue defect site was a risk factor for flap necrosis …”

“…Furthermore, our result is consistent with that of Reece et al, who found that soft tissue defect site was a risk factor for flap necrosis. 25 Flap size was the second identified risk factor. Flap necrosis typically occurs in the 'choke' zone connecting the adjacent perforator angiosomes.…”

“…However, partial or total flap necrosis remains the main complication and has a relatively high incidence . Most studies regarding risk factors of flap necrosis have focused on the risk factors of pedicled flaps of the lower extremities and free flaps . Gir et al .…”

“…17 Most studies regarding risk factors of flap necrosis have focused on the risk factors of pedicled flaps of the lower extremities and free flaps. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Gir et al found that age, gender, aetiology or location of the defect, and type or size of the flap were not statistically significant risk factors associated with complications of pedicled perforator flaps in the lower extremities, 24 whereas Bekara et al found that age older than 60 years, diabetes and arteriopathy are significant risk factors for perforator-pedicled flap complications in the lower extremities. 21 In addition, de Blacam et al stated that venous insufficiency and increasing age were both risk factors for pedicled flap complications.…”

Heme oxygenase‑1 improves the survival of ischemic skin flaps (Review)

“…in addition, Sanati-Mehrizy et al (4) reported that smoking and operation time are risk factors for free flap necrosis and de Blacam et al (7) found that venous congestion and increased age are risk factors for pedicle flap failure. Current literature regarding the risk factors of skin flap necrosis mainly focus on free skin flaps and lower limb pedicled skin flaps (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and treatment methods that have been proposed are based on various mechanisms such as surgical delay, chemical delay, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, local thermal pretreatment, percutaneous neuroelectric pretreatment, cold pretreatment, negative pressure suction, targeted gene therapy, and drug injection (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Heat shock proteins (Hsps), which are highly evolutionarily conserved from prokaryotes to human (26), are molecular chaperons that exhibit a variety of biological activities including anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects (27).…”