Factors inducing transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes

Abstract

Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle is observed in several myopathies, is associated with muscular dysfunction, and is strongly correlated with insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and aging. In animal production, skeletal muscle fat (also known as intermuscular and intramuscular fat) is positively related to meat quality including tenderness, flavor, and juiciness. Thus, understanding the cell origin and regulation mechanism of skeletal muscle fat infiltration is important for developing therapies against human myopathies as well as for improving meat quality. Notably, age, sarcopenia, oxidative stress, injury, and regeneration can activate adipogenic differentiation potential in myoblasts and affect fat accumulation in skeletal muscle. In addition, several transcriptional and nutritional factors can directly induce transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes. In this review, we focused on the recent progress in understanding the muscle‐to‐adipocyte differentiation and summarized and discussed the genetic, nutritional, and physiological factors that can induce transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes. Moreover, the regulatory roles and mechanisms of these factors during the transdifferentiation process were also discussed.

Secreted Frizzled Related Proteins in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

“…These results provide insights on the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis and provide an evidence that different adipogenic regulators coordinately modulate adipocyte differentiation. Understanding the signaling pathways that mediate trans-differentiation between myoblasts and adipocytes is important to develop therapeutics for treatment of obesity and impaired metabolism ( 47 ). As a molecular switch between osteoblasts and adipogenesis in bone marrow, SFRP1 plays an important role as an autocrine and paracrine signaling molecule in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or progenitor cells ( 48 ).…”

GWAS and Post-GWAS High-Resolution Mapping Analyses Identify Strong Novel Candidate Genes Influencing the Fatty Acid Composition of the Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Pigs

“…Myoblasts and adipoblasts originate from the same mesoderm layer in embryos, and many studies on the multipotential capacity of muscle satellite cells to differentiate into myogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic cells have been conducted. However, knowledge of the implications of MYH isoforms in this transdifferentiation between myoblasts and adipoblasts is still limited [ 51 ]. Therefore, further functional studies are required to reveal the potential involvement of MYH isoforms in the transdifferentiation process.…”

Current State of Metabolomics Research in Meat Quality Analysis and Authentication

“…In animal production, intramuscular fat (IMF) is positively related to meat quality, including tenderness, flavour, and juiciness. Thus, understanding the cell origin and regulation mechanism of IMF infiltration is important for improving meat quality [118]. Metabolomics can be used as a complementary tool of proteomics and transcriptomics to address this issue.…”