“…The factors of cost estimation performance were summarized and clustered into shared dimensions which are shown in Table 3. (2000), Akintoye & Fitzgerald (2000), Al-Harbi et al (1994), Arif et al (2015), Doloi (2011), Enshassi et al (20050, Flyvbjerg et al (2002), Hatamleh et al (2018, Mahamid (2015) External stakeholder influence Akintoye (2000), Akintoye & Fitzgerald (2000), Al-Harbi et al (1994), Arif et al (2015), Chan & Park (2005), Dandan et al (2019), Doloi (2013), Enshassi et al (2005), Flyvbjerg et al (2002, Grau et al (2017), Hatamleh et al (2018, Mahamid (2015) Oberlender & Trost (2001, Sridarran et al (2017) The complexity of the contractual relationship Agyekum et al (2018), Akintoye (2000), Akintoye & Fitzgerald (2000), Al-Harbi et al (1994), Chan & Park (2005), Dulaimi & Shan (2002), Elhag et al (2005), Enshassi et al (2005), Mahamid (2015), Oberlender & Trost (2001) According to the systematic review, the factors were clustered into six main themes: input control, behavior control, output control, project complexity, task characteristic, and technology characteristic. Each of the themes is discussed below for a better understanding of the attribute of the themes.…”