Factors influencing bilateral deficit and inter-limb asymmetry of maximal and explosive strength: motor task, outcome measure and muscle group

Šarabon, Nejc; Kozinc, Žiga; Bishop, Chris; Maffiuletti, Nicola A.

doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04399-1

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Compared to local peak torque asymmetries, rate of torque development showed to be a more sensitive parameter for assessment of asymmetries. That is in accordance with findings of Sarabon et al [23], who reported that the RTD showed larger magnitudes of asymmetries than peak torque during unilateral isometric knee flexion and extension.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The reason for inconsistent findings could lay in discrepancies among populations, methods of asymmetry calculation, and COD tests, as well as in low asymmetry values, that are not large enough to influence performance. Taking that into consideration, Sarabon et al [23] found that explosive strength parameters like rate of torque development (RTD) are more sensitive to detect inter-limb asymmetries compared to maximal strength outcomes like peak force or peak torque during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), which were used in previous research. Also, local inter-limb asymmetries were assessed only for the knee joint, while proximal regions of hip and trunk were overlooked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Change of Direction Performance Is Influenced by Asymmetries in Jumping Ability and Hip and Trunk Strength in Elite Basketball Players

Ujaković

Šarabon

2020

Applied Sciences

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Change of direction (COD) ability is essential for sport performance in high level team sports such as basketball, however, the influence of asymmetries on COD ability is relatively unknown. Forty-three junior and senior level elite basketball players performed isometric hip and trunk strength testing, passive hip and trunk range of motion testing, and unilateral horizontal and vertical jumps, as well as the T-test to measure COD performance. Mean asymmetry values ranged from 0.76% for functional leg length up to 40.35% for rate of torque development during hip flexion. A six-variable regression model explained 48% (R2 = 0.48; p < 0.001) of variation in COD performance. The model included left hip internal/external rotation strength ratio, and inter-limb asymmetries in hip abduction rate of torque development, hip flexion range of motion, functional leg length, single leg triple jump distance, and peak torque during trunk lateral flexion. Results suggest that the magnitude of asymmetries is dependent of task and parameter, and using universal asymmetry thresholds, such as <10 %, is not optimal. The regression model showed the relationship between asymmetries and COD performance. None of tests were sufficient to explain a complex variable like COD performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of Direction Performance Is Influenced by Asymmetries in Jumping Ability and Hip and Trunk Strength in Elite Basketball Players

Ujaković

Šarabon

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…Asymmetry in force generation has been more studied in sports populations, probably because of the relationship between asymmetry and sports performance and injury risk [53]. In the physically active or athletic population the degree of isokinetic asymmetry of knee extensors was 3.7%, according to a meta-analysis of seven studies with a total sample of 173 participants [54], and in 259 athletes the average asymmetry in MVIC was 9% [55]. Asymmetry increases significantly after an injury or surgery on the locomotive system and afterwards tends to decrease with physical reconditioning [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Values for Isometric, Dynamic, and Asymmetry Leg Extension Strength in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Portilla-Cueto

Medina-Pérez

Romero-Pérez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Having recognized the value of resistance training in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), there are a lack of lower limb normative reference values for one repetition maximum (1RM) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in this population. Hence, the purposes of this study were to provide reference values for 1RM and MVIC of knee extensors in PwMS across the disability spectrum and to examine knee extension strength asymmetry. Three hundred and ninety PwMS participated in the study, performing MVIC and 1RM tests of bilateral (both legs together at once) and unilateral (each leg singly) knee extensors. There was no difference in 1RM according to the disease course of MS, but there was according to the degree of neurological disability, being more preserved in those with a lower degree of disability. MVIC tends to be higher in patients with relapsing–remitting MS respect those with progressive MS, and in patients with lower levels of neurological disability. Asymmetry above the values considered normal in 1RM was present in 20–60% of patients and 56–79% in the MVIC test, depending on the type of MS and tended to be lower in those with less disability. Reference values are given by quartiles for 1RM, MVIC, and asymmetry.

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“…Dedicated longitudinal studies are required to use a data-driven approach to determine which muscle groups provide complementary information in addition to quadriceps strength monitoring. An important aspect to consider is the current transition to home-based assessments (i.e., remote monitoring); [23][24][25][26] portability, cost-effectiveness and the potential for unsupervised, userfriendly assessments should have a prominent place in any future iteration of the PFD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing examiner variability may, therefore, significantly reduce measurement error and optimize the sensitivity of muscle strength testing in MND. Fixed dynamometry (i.e., fixation of the dynamometer in a rigid structure) has been shown to alleviate the limitations of the HHD, but currently available systems still require a trained examiner and hospital visits [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable fixed dynamometry: towards remote muscle strength measurements in patients with motor neuron disease

et al. 2020

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Background We aimed to determine (1) the test–retest reliability of a newly developed portable fixed dynamometer (PFD) as compared to the hand-held dynamometer (HHD) in patients with motor neuron disease (MND) and (2) the PFD’s ability to reduce possible examiner-induced ceiling effects. Methods Test–retest reliability of isometric muscle strength of the quadriceps was measured in patients with MND and non-neurological controls using the HHD and PFD. Reliability was estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) using linear mixed effects models, and the Bland–Altman method of agreement. Results In total, 45 patients with MND and 43 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The ICC of the PFD was excellent and similar in both patients and controls (ICC Patients 99.5% vs. ICC Controls 98.6%) with a SEM of 6.2%. A strong examiner-induced ceiling effect in HHD was found when the participant’s strength exceeded that of examiner. Employing the PFD increased the range of muscle strength measurements across individuals nearly twofold from 414 to 783 N. Conclusions Portable fixed dynamometry may significantly reduce examiner-induced ceiling effects, optimize the standardization of muscle strength testing, and maximize reliability. Ultimately, PFD may improve the delivery of care due to its potential for unsupervised, home-based assessments and reduce the burden to the patient of participating in clinical trials for MND or other neuromuscular diseases.

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Factors influencing bilateral deficit and inter-limb asymmetry of maximal and explosive strength: motor task, outcome measure and muscle group

Cited by 34 publications

References 33 publications

Change of Direction Performance Is Influenced by Asymmetries in Jumping Ability and Hip and Trunk Strength in Elite Basketball Players

Change of Direction Performance Is Influenced by Asymmetries in Jumping Ability and Hip and Trunk Strength in Elite Basketball Players

Reference Values for Isometric, Dynamic, and Asymmetry Leg Extension Strength in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Portable fixed dynamometry: towards remote muscle strength measurements in patients with motor neuron disease

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