“…However, how those descriptive studies inform the BIM policies toward SMEs in their countries is not clear. Those barriers before BIM at SMEs were identified by many (Michaloski and Costa 2010;Arayici et al 2011aArayici et al , 2011bKu and Taiebat 2011;Gledson et al 2012;Hong et al 2016;Hosseini et al 2016;Monozam et al 2016;Lam et al 2017) and include the following: (i) cost and time constraints, (ii) lack of experienced and skilled personnel, (iii) overall understanding of BIM, (iv) lack of data on return on investment of BIM and its perceived usefulness, (v) others' capability to collaborate, (vi) software related issues (e.g., interoperability, maintenance, operation ease), (vii) procurement, contract, and standards related issues (e.g., model ownership, intellectual rights, finding optimum procurement arrangements), and (viii) management commitment and (or) leadership.…”