Factors Influencing Individualistic Entrepreneurial Orientation

Abstract

The study is conducted empirically to explore the phenomenon of Individualistic Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) in terms of market opportunities, social capital and personal attributes. The study was guided by Miller (1983), Lumpkin and Dess (1996), Granovetter (1985) and (John, P., & Soto, 2008). The study was based on post-positivist philosophy, and it was quantitative in nature that used non-probabilistic convenience sampling. However, the collected data was analyzed through three different statistical tests, Spearman, Pearson and Regression analysis. The first two statistical tests Pearson and Spearman, were applied to the first three hypotheses and regression analysis on the last hypothesis. Hence, it was found that there is a significant relationship between market opportunities and IEO of business students in Pakistan as the p value was less than 0.05. Similarly, when the second hypothesis was tested, it was observed that there is a significant relationship between social capital and IEO of business students in Pakistan. Furthermore, when the third hypothesis was tested, it was found that there is a significant relationship between personal attributes and IEO of business students in Pakistan. Finally, when last but not least, a hypothesis was tested by applying linear regression, it resulted in a significant relationship between the cumulative impact of market opportunities, social capital, personal attributes and IEO of business students in Pakistan. Therefore, it can be concluded with some certainty that the three factors (market opportunities, social capital, personal attributes) influence the decision-making of university business' students while deciding whether to take the path of entrepreneurship. This research can draw the attention of academia and the young potential business graduates to think about entrepreneurship as an alternative to one's career choice and how different factors can contribute in one way or another to one's entrepreneurial orientation in Pakistan.

Poverty, entrepreneurship, and economic growth in Africa

“…A GR mindset within the government, demonstrated by encouraging entrepreneurial development, would contribute to positive innovation in an economy and equal economic opportunities for all (Sim, 2013). In addition, a number of scholars have argued for the role of EN in POV (Kumar et al, 2020; Si et al, 2015). They observe that an entrepreneurial mindset can be a route out of deprivation for some households.…”