To identify the elements of organizational culture that support or act as a barrier to corporate knowledge creation, sharing, and transfer, researchers conducted semi‐structured interviews with 16 top‐level managers in five banks based in Karachi, Pakistan. The findings reveal that encouraging the exchange of ideas among employees through social interactions in the workplace facilitates the transfer of tacit knowledge. The inability to adapt to new technology, a lack of awareness of the benefits of effective knowledge management, and deficiencies in formal language and employee empowerment are among the main obstacles to knowledge creation and sharing. The study concludes with suggestions for fostering a culture of leadership where information is easily transferred, enabling employees at every level to contribute to operational success.

Nurses working in private and public sector hospitals and other health-care facilities around the world play a critical role in ensuring patient safety and quality of service. Therefore, it is essential to understand the challenges they face on the job that may contribute to dissatisfaction and hamper performance. A study of 129 registered nurses in Pakistan investigated the impact of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and found that a climate of informality significantly buffered the negative effect of workplace incivility on job satisfaction among nurses. Working with these findings, health-care managers can make the case for policies to foster an informal and supportive working climate that will not only contribute to employees' job satisfaction, but also improve the quality of the service they deliver to their patients.

Job satisfaction is reported with chronic issues in the healthcare sector. Specifically, in the current milieu of COVID-19 pandemic, a grave attention has been divulged on the support of the healthcare system and wellbeing of paramedic staff. There is a dearth of research on contemporary leadership in the healthcare sector, particularly in developing countries. Objective of this study was to find the direct negative effect of despotic leadership on job satisfaction through emotional exhaustion among nurses based on Affective Events Theory assumptions. Data from a sample of 265 registered nurses was collected through self-administered questionnaire distribution method deployed in public hospitals using stratified random sampling technique. The data analysis results of PLS-SEM support for the assumed effect revealed that emotional exhaustion played the meditation role between despotic leadership and job satisfaction among nurses. This study advances AET theoretical shores, research knowledge, and suggests considering feasible practical implications for HR and government bodies in the public healthcare sector in developing countries.

Global economy is driven by entrepreneurs operating micro, small, medium, and large-scale enterprises (M-SMLEs). This probe integrates three distinct domains, entrepreneurship, leadership, and gender, particularly women. In a previous study, one of the co-authors investigated such phenomenon that comprised motivations and pre-and-post venture challenges for women entrepreneurial leaders and devised a conceptual framework. This inquiry applies quantitative methods to empirically test and validate such framework, and contribute towards pertinent theoretical underpinning. It avails post-positivism philosophy, deductive approach, and survey method. Data was garnered from women entrepreneurial leaders of Pakistan -a growing emerging market of South Asia. The sample size includes 308 samples (comprising micro, small, and medium-scale enterprises (M-SMEs), 100+ participants from each category. The capabilities, circumstances, and behavior of M-SMEs differ than those of such leaders from large-scale enterprises; therefore, they were ignored purposefully. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was availed for data analysis. Canons of reliability, validity, and triangulation assisted toward robust results. The findings reveal that motivation to become entrepreneur and need of situation appeared the most significant predictors for starting and leading a venture by women. In challenges before the start of business (discouragement from family and gender stereotypes, financial challenges, lack of entrepreneurial knowledge, and lack of access to market and workplace [in a male-dominated society]) appeared significant predictors in order. And in challenges after the start of business (lack of market research, lack of finance and sustainability, harassment from men, and gender stereotypes from employees) respectively appeared significant predictors of women entrepreneurial leadership.

Brand experience (BE) is essential to depict long-term consumer brand relationships; this study investigates the influence of brand experience on emotional confidence (EC) and subsequent impact of brand satisfaction (BS) and brand loyalty (BL) in the context of car buying. Structural equation modeling was used to affirm the hypothesized relationships. This study further explores dimensions of brand experience: sensory, affective, intellectual and behavioral concerning EC, BS, and BL. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to depict the relationship as a consequence, and four clusters were identified. The results of the structural model suggest that there is a positive and statistically significant influence of BE on EC, there is a positive and statistically significant influence of EC on BS, and there is a positive and statistically significant influence of BS on BL. When the direct path from EC to BL was added to the model, it increased the variance explained in BL and coefficient of EC was higher than the coefficient of BS suggesting that EC is an important construct within the formwork. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis identified four clusters; the relationship among EC, BS and BL showed interesting patterns; there were higher correspondents between EC and BL than between BS and BL; the pattern was consistent with the results of the structural model. The data was collected from car showrooms across Karachi city; the respondents were users of the brand.