Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species

Hamrick, J. L.; Godt, Mary Jo W.; Sherman-Broyles, Susan L.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2815-5_7

Cited by 315 publications

(329 citation statements)

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“…DBH -diameter of breast height, H -height of the tree, h k -crown height, n a -observed number of alleles per locus, n e -expected number of alleles per locus, I -Shannon index after Lewontin (1972), H o -observed heterozygosity after Nei (1978), H e -expected heterozygosity after Nei (1978), F -genetic diversity coefficient (Nei 1978). Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/12/18 9:23 AM there is a greater genetic variability within the surveyed stands than between them, which is supported by the principle that most forest tree species have only a small percentage of variation on the interpopulation level, as a result of higher polymorphism consisting of the DNA of individual populations (Hamrick et al 1992;Nowakowska 2007). The studied populations of spruce were characterised by small nuclear DNA differentiation in comparison with the results of research from Poland and Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This is, amongst others, due to the intensive gene flow in this group of plants (Hamrick et al 1992;Dzialuk, Burczyk 2005). Based on genetic studies of forest tree populations, it is possible to assume that poor gene pool stands are less resistant to environmental changes and more likely to be affected by unwanted factors (Nowakowska, Konecka 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic variability and health of Norway spruce stands in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Krosno

Gutkowska

Borys

Tereba

et al. 2017

Forest Research Papers

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Abstract. The study was conducted in 2015 in six spruce stands situated in different forest districts administratively belonging to the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Krosno. Each spruce population was represented by 30 trees and assessed in terms of their current health status. Genetic analyses were performed on shoot samples from each tree using nine nuclear DNA markers and one mitochondrial DNA marker (nad1). The health status of the trees was described according to the classification developed by Szczepkowski and Tarasiuk (2005) and the correlation between health classes and the level of genetic variability was computed with STATISTICA (α = 0.05).Nuclear DNA analyses revealed a low level of genetic variability among spruce populations (only 3% of the total genetic variation (F st = 0.028) and a high variability within populations (97%). The total heterozygosity in all stands (H t ) was calculated as 0.646. Based on UPGMA analysis, the most genetically similar populations are spruce stands in the Bieszczady National Park and the Ustrzyki Dolne Forest District, which have the smallest genetic divergence of all populations (D n = 0.0165).Our analysis of the mitochondrial gene nad1 revealed the presence of six different haplotypes 'a', 'a1', 'b', 'c', 'd' and 'd 1 '. Comprising 56% of all haplotypes, 'a' was the most common showing a predominant impact on spruce migration from the Carpathian area. The analysis based on mitochondrial markers (by Nei) revealed a heterozygosity of 0.525.Based on the observations of disease symptoms, 29% of the trees belong to health class 1, 30% to class 2, 28% to class 3 and class 4 contains 13% of trees. The comparison between health status and the level of genetic variation in the analysed stands showed a positive correlation. Spruce stands with better health were also characterised by a greater degree of genetic variability.Since most of the investigated spruce populations shared the mitochondrial haplotype 'a', we have ascertained their Hercynian-Carpathian origin. Only one stand (Cisna) had a high frequency (43.3%) of the Nordic haplotype 'c' suggesting that this provenance is derived from the Baltic post-glacial refugium of P. abies in europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability and health of Norway spruce stands in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Krosno

Gutkowska

Borys

Tereba

et al. 2017

Forest Research Papers

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“…A comparação dos valores de C. moschata com os apresentados em revisões de diversidade alozímica em táxons arbóreos, em geral (Hamrick et al 1992), e em táxons arbóreos tropicais, em particular (Hamrick & Loveless 1986, Loveless 1992, mostra que C. moschata possui uma diversidade genética populacional típica de uma espécie arbórea tropical. Além disto, o valor encontrado é bastante próximo do apresentado por outra espécie de Lauraceae da Costa Rica, Ocotea tenera (Gibson & Wheelwright 1995).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Conservação genética de populações de Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae) na Mata Atlântica do estado de São Paulo

1999

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-(Genetic conservation of populations of Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae) in the Atlantic Rain Forest of the State of São Paulo). This paper was aimed at studying the genetic structure of populations of Cryptocarya moschata and proposing conservation strategies for the species. Allozyme data of 18 polymorphic loci were collected from 214 trees sampled from four natural populations located in two regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Estimates of Wright's F statistics were computed on the basis of observed and expected heterozygosities. The analysis of variance, pooled over loci and alleles, was also used to compare corresponding estimates of F (= F IT ), θ P (= F ST ) and f (= F IS ). Both methods provided similar results with F IT = 0.142, F ST = 0.140, F IS = 0.002 and F = 0.116, θ P = 0.123 and f = -0.008. Results indicated that individuals within populations are probably panmitic. Diversity among populations was very high, similar to what would be expected for groups of plants with a half-sib family structure. Estimates of θ P , obtained for populations taken two at a time, indicated that diversity tended to increase with distance and suggested that isolation by distance is a factor to be considered. An estimated gene flow of 0.9 migrants per generation corroborated to the pronounced divergence found among populations. Due to the negligible ˆf F ≅ IS value found, the variance effective size for each population is equivalent to its sampling number. In this case, management and conservation strategies aimed at preserving high intrapopulation genetic variation, will imply in the maintenance of large populations. In addition, due to the relatively large divergence detected among populations, the preservation of the species as a whole will also require the maintenance of many such populations. RESUMO -(Conservação genética de populações de Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae) na Mata Atlântica do estado de São Paulo). Através da análise de 18 locos isoenzimáticos polimórficos, foram estimadas as freqüências alélicas referentes a 214 indiví-duos adultos de quatro populações naturais deCryptocarya moschata de duas regiões do estado de São Paulo. Com base nas heterozigosidades observadas e esperadas, foram obtidas estimativas das estatísticas F de Wright. Para fins de comparação, utilizou-se também o método da análise da variância para estimação dos parâmetros correspondentes F = F IT , θ P = F ST e f = F IS . Os dois métodos forneceram resultados bastante concordantes: F IT = 0,142; F ST = 0,140; F IS = 0,002 e F = 0,116; θ P = 0,123 e f = -0,008, indicando que os indivíduos dentro das populações devem ser panmíticos e que a diversidade entre populações é bastante alta, sendo similar à que se espera para famílias com estruturação de meios-irmãos. Calculando θ P com as populações tomadas duas a duas, notou-se tendência de θ P crescer com a distância geográfica o que sugere tendência de isolamento pela distância. O fluxo gênico foi estimado em 0,9 indivíduos por geração, o que corrobora a pronunci...

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“…기존의 I-SSR 표지자를 이용한 연구 는 4-9개 I-SSR primer를 사용하여 21-48개의 다형성밴드가 나타났는데 (Choi et al, 2004a(Choi et al, , 2004bKang et al, 2003;Song et al, 2012), 먹넌출은 8개의 I-SSR primer에서 13개 의 다형성밴드를 보여 다른 수종들에 비해 적은 특징을 보였 다. 일반적으로 식물종이 가지는 유전다양성은 지리적 분포 특성과 교배양식 및 번식방법의 영향을 크게 받는다 (Hamrick et al, 1992). 현재의 동북아시아의 먹넌출과 근연종인 청사 조의 분포를 살펴보면 중국에서는 해발 2,600m 이하의 중부 이남에 넓게 분포하며 일본에서도 북해도를 비롯하여 혼슈 지역에 넓게 분포하고 있으나 한반도에서는 안면도와 군산 지역에서만 제한적으로 분포하고 있다 (Chen and Carsten, 2007;Kawamoto, 1943;KNA, 2008;Lee, 2003).…”

Section: 고 찰unclassified

Genetic Diversity and Spatial Genetic Structure of Berchemia racemosa var. magna in Anmyeon Island

Song¹,

Lim²,

Jang³

et al. 2014

HST

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Berchemia racemosa var. magna is only found in Anmyeon Island of South Korea. Genetic diversity and the spatial genetic structure of B. racemosa var. magna in Anmyeon Island were studied by I-SSR marker system. Fifty I-SSR amplicons were produced from 8 selected primers. We used 13 polymorphic markers to analyze the genetic structure. Distribution of 39 individuals in the study plot (90 m × 70 m) showed aggregate pattern (aggregation index = 0.706). Total 21 genets were observed from 39 individuals through I-SSR genotyping. Proportion of distinguishable genotype (G/N), genotype diversity (D) and genotype evenness (E) were 53.8%, 0.966 and 0.946, respectively. In spite of the small number and the narrow distribution, Shannon's diversity index (I = 0.598) was relatively high as compared with those of the other plant species. For ex situ genetic conservation of B. racemosa var. magna, the sampling strategy based on spatial autocorrelation using Tanimoto distance is efficient at choosing the conserved individuals with a 6 meter interval between individual trees.

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Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species

Cited by 315 publications

References 20 publications

Genetic variability and health of Norway spruce stands in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Krosno

Genetic variability and health of Norway spruce stands in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Krosno

Conservação genética de populações de Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae) na Mata Atlântica do estado de São Paulo

Genetic Diversity and Spatial Genetic Structure of Berchemia racemosa var. magna in Anmyeon Island

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