Factors influencing the effectiveness of the Gudair vaccine for controlling Johne’s disease in sheep flocks in Australia

Dhand, Navneet K.; Plain, Karren M.; Green, Alexandra; Martínez, Estebán; Eppleston, J; Ly, Anna; Arif, Suparman; Emery, D.L.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105394

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This question, however, still requires further work in cattle for the Silirium ® vaccine. The fact that a few vaccinated cows may shed large amounts of Map in their feces, even among those testing negative for Map antibodies, is an argument for maintaining vaccination and good management practices for a very long period of time, even after clinical cases have disappeared, before a beneficial effect on Map transmission dynamics may be evidenced [46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly Herds F and G were associated with both a higher probability of shedding and a higher amount of Map shedding in feces, even in vaccinated cows, suggesting that paratuberculosis control was less efficient in those herds. Common management practices designed to reduce Map transmission within each herd were monitored, and farmers were interviewed regularly to ensure that all the producers implemented them similarly, but departures from the best practices may have happened occasionally or repeatedly, which may explain different trajectories at the herd level [47]. Others factors that may influence animal immunity, such as nutritional factors, worm burdens, lameness, or the lack of general cleanliness, which favors the maintenance and transmission of Map, could also contribute to differences between farms, but were not investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Silirum®-Based Vaccination Programs on Map Fecal Shedding and Serological Response in Seven French Dairy Herds

Corbiere,

Guellouz,

Tasca

et al. 2023

Animals

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(1) Background: paratuberculosis is an important disease in ruminants, causing worldwide economic losses to the livestock industry. Although vaccination is known not to prevent transmission of the causative agent Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), it is considered an effective tool for paratuberculosis in infected herds. The objectives of this controlled field study were to evaluate the effects of the whole-cell heat-killed Silirum® vaccine on Map fecal shedding and serological status in dairy herds infected with paratuberculosis. (2) Methods: The serological status (ELISA) and fecal shedding (qPCR) of 358 vaccinated cows were assessed over 3 years in 7 infected dairy herds in the Meuse department, France. Within each herd, cows from the last non-vaccinated birth cohort (n = 265) were used as controls. The probability and level of Map fecal shedding and the serological status were modeled using multivariable mixed general linear regression models. (3) Results: Overall, 34.7% of cows tested positive at least once on fecal qPCR, with significant differences between herds, but high shedding levels were observed in only 5.5% of cows. Compared to non-vaccinated seronegative cows, a statistically significant reduction in the probability of Map shedding was found only in cows vaccinated before 4 to 5 months of age that tested negative for Map antibodies throughout the study period (odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.9, p = 0.008), but no significant effect of vaccination on the amount of Map shedding could be evidenced. Finally, the younger the cows were when vaccinated, the less they tested positive on the serum ELISA. (4) Conclusions: a beneficial effect of vaccination on Map fecal shedding may exist in cows vaccinated before 4 to 5 months of age. The variability of the serum ELISA response in vaccinated cows remains to be investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Silirum®-Based Vaccination Programs on Map Fecal Shedding and Serological Response in Seven French Dairy Herds

Corbiere,

Guellouz,

Tasca

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…There is no effective treatment against MAP infection and the control strategies based on culling seropositive animals are very expensive and have limited effectiveness due to the long period of latency from infection to seroconversion and the lack of sensitive diagnostic tests [ 18 ]⁠. Vaccination is known to reduce PTB prevalence, but its effectiveness varies between flocks [ 19 ]. Moreover, vaccination is not allowed in some countries because of a possible interference with tuberculosis diagnostic tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding the genetic architecture of antibody response to paratuberculosis in sheep by heritability estimate and LDLA mapping analyses and investigation of candidate regions using sequence-based data

Usai,

Casu,

Sechi

et al. 2024

Genet Sel Evol

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Background Paratuberculosis is a contagious and incurable disease that is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) with significant negative effects on animal welfare and farm profitability. Based on a large naturally infected flock over 12 years, we analyzed repeated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests (ELISA), OvineSNP50 BeadChip genotypes and whole-genome sequences imputed from 56 influential animals. The main goals were to estimate the genetic parameters of proxy traits for resistance to MAP, identify genomic regions associated with the host’s immune response against MAP and search for candidate genes and causative mutations through association and functional annotation analyses of polymorphisms identified by sequencing. Results Two variables were derived from ELISA tests. The first, a binary variable, assessed the infection status of each animal over the entire productive life, while the second considered the level of antibody recorded over time. Very similar results were obtained for both variables. Heritability estimates of about 0.20 were found and a significant region capturing 18% and 13% of the genetic variance was detected on ovine chromosome 20 by linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis on OvineSNP50 positions. Functional annotation and association analyses on the imputed sequence polymorphisms that were identified in this region were carried out. No significant variants showed a functional effect on the genes that mapped to this region, most of which belong to the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II). However, the conditional analysis led to the identification of two significant polymorphisms that can explain the genetic variance associated with the investigated genomic region. Conclusions Our results confirm the involvement of the host’s genetics in susceptibility to MAP in sheep and suggest that selective breeding may be an option to limit the infection. The estimated heritability is moderate with a relevant portion being due to a highly significant region on ovine chromosome 20. The results of the combined use of sequence-based data and functional analyses suggest several genes belonging to the MHC II as the most likely candidates, although no mutations in their coding regions showed a significant association. Nevertheless, information from genotypes of two highly significant polymorphisms in the region can enhance the efficiency of selective breeding programs.

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Comparison of the current abattoir surveillance system for detection of paratuberculosis in Australian sheep with quantitative PCR tissue strategies using simulation modelling

Kirkeby

Sergeant

et al. 2021

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Factors influencing the effectiveness of the Gudair vaccine for controlling Johne’s disease in sheep flocks in Australia

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Silirum®-Based Vaccination Programs on Map Fecal Shedding and Serological Response in Seven French Dairy Herds

Effects of Silirum®-Based Vaccination Programs on Map Fecal Shedding and Serological Response in Seven French Dairy Herds

Advances in understanding the genetic architecture of antibody response to paratuberculosis in sheep by heritability estimate and LDLA mapping analyses and investigation of candidate regions using sequence-based data

Comparison of the current abattoir surveillance system for detection of paratuberculosis in Australian sheep with quantitative PCR tissue strategies using simulation modelling

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