Factors Influencing the Formation, Adhesion, and Friction of Ice

Wood, Michael J.; Kietzig, Anne‐Marie

doi:10.1002/9781119640523.ch1

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Composite brake blocks (both sinter and organic) have good wettability and water absorptivity 5 and therefore are prone to build up ice. 24 In winter, at the same ambient temperature and humidity, the composite material is covered by thicker ice layers and causes longer braking distances. In reference 5, no ice was found on the surface of cast iron blocks, while a layer of ice is often found on the surface of composite brake blocks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the braking distance of composite brake blocks covered with ice for freight trains in winter

Zhang

Liu

Stichel

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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In winter, some freight trains with composite brake blocks experience unexpected long braking distances, which seriously jeopardizes running safety. The reasons for the long braking distances are still not completely understood, and therefore it is difficult to suggest preventive measures. Up to now, it has not really been studied how a layer of ice that is often found between the brake block and the wheel influences the braking process. To investigate whether ice influences the braking distance, a numerical model is built. Ice thickness, ambient temperature, initial speed, and axle load/brake pressure are parameters that can be varied in the model. Results are checked against available on-track tests. The simulation results show that ice significantly influences the braking distance. The impact of ice on the braking distance increases when the ambient temperature, initial speed, and brake pressure are low, which is consistent with available field test reports. The results also show that a conditioning brake, a high brake pressure and a small clearance between the wheel and brake block can efficiently reduce the impact of ice on the braking distance of freight trains with composite brake blocks in winter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the braking distance of composite brake blocks covered with ice for freight trains in winter

Zhang

Liu

Stichel

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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“…This adsorption of water effectively renders the surface hydrophilic, and the air trapping effect of superhydrophobic surfaces is lost, with water infiltrating the asperities before solidification to ice occurs. The result is often higher ice adhesion strengths measured on superhydrophobic surfaces than smooth surfaces of the same material due to increased ice–substrate interlocking. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adhesion of ice to external surfaces has been a persistent engineering challenge that ranges from a mere nuisance to a severe safety concern. 1 This includes the adhesion of ice to metallic structures such as the wings and fuselages of aircraft. 2 There has, therefore, been much research published on surfaces that more easily shed bound ice.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result is often higher ice adhesion strengths measured on superhydrophobic surfaces than smooth surfaces of the same material due to increased ice−substrate interlocking. 1,14,19 While the tuning of the work of adhesion has been broadly studied, what has been largely lacking in pagophobic surface engineering research is a consideration of the actual mechanics of the ice−substrate bond failure. Practically speaking, for solid ice to be delaminated from a substrate when a force is applied, (i) cracks must initiate and (ii) these cracks must advance across the length of the iced area.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leveraging Solidification Dynamics to Design Robust Ice-Shedding Surfaces

Wood

Brock

Servio

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The adhesion of ice to external surfaces is an important challenge in many industries. This has sparked much research into fabricating surfaces with low ice adhesion strengths. Our novel approach to designing ice-shedding surfaces leverages the dynamics of water solidification to induce beneficial stress concentrations throughout the iced interface. We have chosen a bare woven metal wire cloth substrate to demonstrate these principles. The pore geometries of the wire cloths lead to stress concentrations upon freezing and expansion of the water/ice, while their microstructural topography allows for facile crack opening. We have discovered that by leveraging knowledge of the underlying physical processes involved in ice formation and delamination, we can engineer a robust metal surface to have an extremely low ice adhesion strength (12.5 kPa) without using chemical coatings.

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“…In addition, icing is affected by several factors including surface morphology, temperature, liquid water density, and the relative movement of the solid surface against water droplets. [32] Ice may adhere to all solid surfaces. However, it will form more readily on surfaces that facilitate bonding between water molecules through dipole-dipole, hydrogen-bonding, or electronic interactions.…”

Section: Initial Stages Of Ice Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Voltammetry for Accurate Icing Detection on Simulated Aircraft Surfaces

Yeadon

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Icephobic coatings are considered sustainable and cost-efficient technologies for preventing hazardous ice buildup in the aerospace industry. However, icing behaviour during initial ice formation on coated surfaces is not well understood. This icing period was characterised using cyclic voltammetry to determine the exact temperature of ice formation on simulated aircraft surfaces with or without icephobic coatings. The temperature of a water droplet on the material surface was slowly lowered while continuously monitoring cyclic voltammograms as it froze to form ice. The resulting voltammograms exhibited increased faradaic current peaks during this phase change suggesting a switch from diffusion to a surface-confined mass transfer mechanism. This method was then extended to surfaces of different roughness as well as coatings doped with zinc oxide and neodymium oxide nanoparticles. These modifications lowered the surface freezing point, which provided further insight into the mechanism governing surface temperature shifts at freezing. Given its wide-spread applicability, this analytical method could facilitate icephobic coating development and ice monitoring, thereby reducing icing risks in aerospace and related industries.

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Factors Influencing the Formation, Adhesion, and Friction of Ice

Cited by 3 publications

References 115 publications

Study on the braking distance of composite brake blocks covered with ice for freight trains in winter

Study on the braking distance of composite brake blocks covered with ice for freight trains in winter

Leveraging Solidification Dynamics to Design Robust Ice-Shedding Surfaces

Cyclic Voltammetry for Accurate Icing Detection on Simulated Aircraft Surfaces

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