Factors influencing the formation and structure of fuse fulgurites

Lakshiminarashima, C.S.; Barrault, M.; Oliver, Raymond

doi:10.1049/piee.1978.0095

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…As a consequence main of the published studies can be found under the form of semi-empirical or empirical modellings. Most of these latters deal with phenomena or quantities at the macroscopic scale occuring or observed during the arcing period such as the fuse element erosion [4,62,63] (also known as burn-back), the arc column [37] or the arc channel [65,69] (also known as lumen), the electrical conductivity [4]. Only few studies deal with the arcing period as a whole or deal with the phenomena or quantities at the microscopic scale in relation to the fuse arc plasma properties [59].…”

Section: About Electric Fuse Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric fuses operation, a review: 1. Pre-arcing period

Bussière

2012

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Electrical needs are continously growing because of many various factors linked to increasing consumption and a green perception. This development -geographical, increasing production, growth of transport network, interconnection of continental networks, diversity of the transport technologies … -can not be dissociated from electrical safety considerations whatever the voltage level. For the three main levels of electric network -High Voltage, Middle Voltage and Low Voltage -one has to provide efficient electrical safety techniques or schemas which integrate different electrical safety apparatus. Among well-known apparatus we can cite SF 6 breakers, HV and MV switchgears (such as MV cells, MV and LV high current vacuum switchgears), and fuses. Electrical fuses are especially used in the MV and LV domains, sometimes as an additional safety device and sometimes as the main electrical safety component which is linked to the electrical current breaking function of electric fuse. In the paper, we will quickly depict the various kinds of electric fuses. We will especially focuss on the physical mechanisms -whatever the type of work, experimental, theoretical, modelling or empirical -prevailing during the pre-arcing period of the electric fuse operation.

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Section: About Electric Fuse Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric fuses operation, a review: 1. Pre-arcing period

Bussière

2012

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…In recent work, 4 it has been reported that the influence of the silver probe wires on the fuse arc is independent of the material of the elements. In the present work, during the initial tests, silver probe wires were used for measuring the axial electric field.…”

Section: Probe Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial electric-field measurements of d.c. arcs in current-limiting fuses

Ranjan

Barrault

1980

IEE Proc. C Gener. Transm. Distrib. UK

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The design of current-limiting fuses to meet the modern system requirements needs a thorough understanding of the fuse arc characteristics. In high-voltage fuse designs, a knowledge of the axial electric field and the speed of burn-back of the element will be useful to designers. This paper describes a method for measuring the axial electric field in the low overcurrent region of direct current arcs in current-limiting fuses. An arc model has been presented for the notched elements which shows that the electric field is inversely proportional to the thickness of lumen dimension.List of principal symbols C = constant D = diameter of the arc stabilising tube, mm E = axial electric field of the arc column, Vrara" 1 / = arc current, A K = arc material constant L = thickness of the lumen area, mm P = arc column pressure, atm Q = charge flowed in a particular location, As r = ratio of fused silica volume to that of original filler W -width of the lumen area, mm IntroductionCurrent-limiting fuses are widely used for circuit protection from miniature electronic equipment to large power-system . networks. They may be expected to interrupt from low overloads to high fault currents. The fuse relies upon suitable arc characteristics for reliable operation. The axial electric field and the speed of bum-back of the element material is of special interest to the fuse designers because these lead to the construction of arc voltage and the fault clearing time at the design stage. The axial electric field was first measured by Kroemer 1 by inserting metal pins inside the arc. These pins were arranged on one side of the notch spaced at 6 mm and the probe potentials were measured with a moving coil oscilloscope with a series resistance of 10k£2. The electric field at the origin of the arc was found to decrease as the arc progressed and it showed a dependence on the type of quenching medium. It was also found that the electric field was independent of current for currents above 100 A. Oliver 2 in his studies on the behaviour of d.c. overcurrent arcs in cartridge fuses measured the axial electric field using a 'crow-bar' method. The average electric field between the electrodes was determined as the instantaneous voltage per millimetre of the length at the time of interruption. The electric field values showed considerable variation for apparently similar experimental conditions. It was observed that the average electric field seemed to increase with a decrease of thickness but was not affected by the element width. In later work, 3 Oliver, while estimating the lumen Paper 677C, first area from the postarc current and voltages, showed experimental evidence to support the classification of fuse arc as' a 'wall-stabilised arc'. A recent report 4 concerning the 'crow-bar' technique showed that the electric field decreased with increasing arc energy dissipation and also depended on the packing density of the filler. However, no definite model has been proposed for the axial electric field.The present investigations were undertaken to stud...

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“…The physical mechanisms responsible for the arc plasma evolution during the fuse operation have been widely studied (Lakshiminarashima et al, 1978;Turner and Turner, 1973;Bussi ere and Bezborodko, 1999):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%