Factors influencing the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the Rupandehi district of Nepal

Nepal, Anant; Hendrie, Delia; Robinson, Suzanne

doi:10.1002/hpm.3061

Cited by 29 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Patients’ pressure also plays crucial role in the prescription and use of antibiotics which may be well reflected in the primary health centers where treatment options are limited and drugs are easily available OTC 10 . In such geographically remote regions, there is a good relationship between healthcare providers and community members, which creates pressure in prescription and sell of the antibiotics asked by patients rather than the appropriate ones 10 , 79 – 81 . Although policy guidelines demand for use of antibiotics based on the identification of causative agents, in practice, the empirical and over the counter use of antibiotics are high 9 , 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

Rijal

Banjara

Dhungel

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nepal suffers from high burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to explore knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotics uses among patients, healthcare workers, laboratories, drug sellers and farmers in eight districts of Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and July 2017. A total of 516 individuals participated in a face-to-face interview that included clinicians, private drug dispensers, patients, laboratories, public health centers/hospitals and, livestock and poultry farmers. Out of 516 respondents, 62.8% (324/516) were patients, 16.9% (87/516) were clinicians, 6.4% (33/516) were private drug dispensers. A significant proportion of patients (42.9%; 139/324) thought that fever could be treated with antibiotics. Majority (79%; 256/324) of the patients purchased antibiotics over the counter. The knowledge of antibiotics used among patients increased proportionately with the level of education: literate only [AOR = 1.4 (95% Cl = 0.6–4.4)], versus secondary education (8–10 grade) [AOR = 1.8 (95% Cl = 1.0–3.4)]. Adult patients were more aware of antibiotic resistance. Use of antibiotics over the counter was found high in this study. Knowledge, attitude and practice related to antibiotic among respondents showed significant gaps and need an urgent effort to mitigate such practice.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

Rijal

Banjara

Dhungel

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(2020) reported that 90% of dentist prescribe amoxicillin for endodontic infections in Turkey. A number of factors like personal factors (self‐medication and patient pressure to prescribe antibiotics), organizational factors (limited access to laboratory and limited availability of antibiotics in rural areas), and regulatory factors (no monitoring system and restriction to sell/prescribe antibiotics) are responsible for huge and inappropriate use of antibiotics (Nepal et al., 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposal of unused antibiotics as household waste: A social driver of antimicrobial resistance

Sharma

Kumar

Dubey

2021

Environmental Quality Mgmt

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Globally, antibiotics’ consumption has been worrisome and immediate attention is required. Unused and expired antibiotics are continuously disposed of as household waste in sewage wastewater, which acts as social driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted to identify the scale of consumption and methods of disposal used for unused/expired antibiotics. Two groups were selected based on the knowledge of usage and misuse of antibiotics, and the response was collected. Every respondent had taken at least one antibiotic, and many of them consumed without any cause that is, 72.3% in fever and 57.8% in cold. The antibiotic course completion percentage was very poor (23% and 40% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively) and ∼75% of respondents just throw the unused/expired antibiotics, while only 2–3% went for safe/other methods of disposal. Perhaps, this direct disposal of antibiotics in the environment may be one of the contributors to AMR. The present study suggests that public awareness regarding the use of prescribed antibiotics, completion of the course, and knowledge of the safe disposal of unused/expired antibiotics will be a good strategy to combat AMR.

show abstract

“…4 These bacteria can quickly evolve into antibiotic-resistant strains due to inappropriate antibiotic administration. 5 S. aureus that is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics is referred to as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). 6 In previous studies, it was reported that the presence of MRSA can cause new health problems for humans and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contamination in milk. S. aureus that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The spread of MRSA cannot be separated from sanitation management during milking; it can originate from milk collected from the udder or from the hands of farmers during the milking process. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of MRSA contamination in dairy cow's milk and farmer's hand swabs. Methods: A total of 109 samples of dairy cow’s milk and 41 samples of farmers’ hand swabs were collected at a dairy farm in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were cultured and purified using mannitol salt agar (MSA). The profile of S. aureus resistance was established by disk diffusion test using a disk of beta-lactam antibiotics, namely oxacillin and cefoxitin. Results: The S. aureus isolates that were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin antibiotics were then tested for oxacillin resistance screening agar base (ORSAB) as a confirmation test for MRSA identity. S. aureus isolates suspected to be MRSA were then tested genotypically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect the presence of the mecA gene. The results of the isolation and identification found 80 isolates (53.33%) of S. aureus. The results of the resistance test found that 42 isolates (15%) of S. aureus were resistant to oxacillin and 10 isolates (12.5%) were resistant to cefoxitin. The ORSAB test found as many as 20 isolates (47.62%) were positive for MRSA. In PCR testing to detect the presence of the mecA gene, three isolates (30%) were positive for the mecA gene. Conclusions: This study shows that several S. aureus isolates were MRSA and had the gene encoding mecA in dairy farms.

show abstract

Factors influencing the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the Rupandehi district of Nepal

Cited by 29 publications

References 63 publications

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

Disposal of unused antibiotics as household waste: A social driver of antimicrobial resistance

Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About